988 What it means for Suicide Prevention : A Public Health Intervention .

     Federal Communication Commission Ajit Pai has proposed rule making to establish a new nation wide three digit phone number for a Suicide Prevention and Mental Health Hotline (FCC,2019) . The suicide rate in the United States is at its highest level since World War II , and designated 988 as the suicide prevention and mental health hotline . The problem that lead to this change is in the number which existed and were not a good fit for the setting nor the scenario in which suicide attempts usually play out .

      The telephone number used by persons in crisis was 1800-273-TALK or 1800-273-8255 , first we can notice that the number is to long , next we can appraise that the number is difficult to remember , and it is also time consuming . In addition to this where is the telephone number for Def Mute persons? or should we in public health assume that the def mute do not commit suicide ? . More than 20 Veterans commit suicide every day , between the year 2008 and 2016 there were more than 6,000 veterans who committed suicide (FCC,2019). "' According to the CDC : LGBTQ youth contemplate suicide at a rate almost three times higher than heterosexual youth and more than 500,000 LGBTQ youth will attempt suicide this year"".   Recognizing the need to ease access to potentially life saving resource congress tasked the FCC with analyzing the effectiveness of the current National Suicide Prevention Lifeline.

      This takes priority when evaluating the rate of suicide among the elderly population . Our population is aging approximately 75 million Americans will be over the age of 65 by the year 2030 . Additionally a 2012 study from the Institute of Medicine found that approximately one in five alder adults experience a mental health illness , substance use disorder or both . If this ratio still exists by the year 2030 it will accrue to be approximately 15 million people .
As it stands this year there were approximately 19% of the aging population between the ages of 55-65 who committed suicide and,  20 % over the age of 85.  988 when dialed connects aswell to the police department and the fire department in a collaborative effort to mitigate suicide attempts and suicide prevention .


References

FCC(2019) Report on the National Suicide Hotline Improvement Act of 2018 .Federal Communication Commission USA

Retrieved from http://www.docs.fcc.gov/public/attachment/DOC-359095.pdf

Continuation of the Secretary of HHS Health and Human Resources Department Alex Azar Initiatives for 2030

In the 15th Meeting of the Secretary's Advisory Committee on National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention  Objectives for 2030 key points were made with regards to  the United States  dealing with an increased number of opioid related deaths and other problems associated with opioid addiction , addressing the problems will require a thorough understanding of drugs and non drug treatment (ahrq .gov 2019). Toward that proposal,  available  research and treatment options are  needed to create new public health activities that will enable the application of primary prevention mechanisms and analysis in primary care utilizing  genetic assessment tools .  Last week we discussed section 1701 of the public health act , in this discussion we provided an over view of Title XV11  where systemic process in exploration , development , demonstration and evaluation of said Tribal , State and Local implementations in public health (ODPHP 2019).
 Secretary Alex Azar National Health Promotion were recommended the inclusion of AI  Artificial Intelligence in health settings  and in Machine Learning ; an example of this were presented with the use of Radiology Tools were AI had been implemented to create better sensitivity and diagnostics (Catazano & Lin ,2019) . Another suggestion for tools implementation  is through (SCGE) or Somatic Cell Genome Editing and Bioinformatics Mutogenesis and Genomics Society for Synergistic Interactions for a better world .
 Author Kevin  Rodd published a report on Climate Change and Global Development and US  China Trade ; why is this important for inclusion within the 2030 Public Health Implementations  because possessing excellent financial acumen is part of having well being rather than just health ( Rodd , K 2019) .Providing US Citizens with excellent Trade deals is a vehicle to health attainment .  Key points made within this report were (1) Consumer sentiment (2) Renewable Energy (3) Private Investment Funds , and Stakeholder Activism . Curiously enough Rodd mentions SDG Framework in his report this are consistent with 2030 initiatives for Unicef and WHO or World Health Organization . Epigenetics and CRISP are a great start for Genetic implementation within 2030. 

References

Rodd , k (2019) Report on Climate Change and Global Development and US China Trade . Retrieved from http:www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2019/10/kevin -rudd-climate0change-development-and -trade.htm?utm_medium

NIH (2019) Somatic Cell Genome Editing (SCGE) National Institute of Health .Retrieved from http://www.commonfund.nih.gov/editing 

Catazano, T.M & Lin , E.C (2019) Primary Tuberculosis Imaging . Retrieved from http://www.emedicine.medscape.comarticle/358610-overview

Secretary Advisory Committee Initiatives for 2030: Wheres the Beef ?

Objectives and Scope for activities under 42 U.S.C  300 u ; secretary of health and human services has which authorizes supportive programs and appropriations of said activities in the following domains in public health (1) health education (2) application of health knowledge and the  increasing of health patterns in activities of daily living . But wheres the Beef?.  For the exploration ,development ,demonstration and evaluation of innovative health promotion concepts under title XVII Section 1701 of public health service act we first need too understand that rather then viewing these particular areas as concepts we can already scale up these areas of desired undertaking to due diligence (Healthy People 2030) One area in particular where new concepts can be readily applied are in AI  and Nuclear Medicine . In the article entitled " Rising to the Challenge of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare " written by  authors Catazano & Lin they carefully illustrate the correct application  of AI to health care settings; and disciplines .  In harnessing the potencial  of artificial intelligence and applying these concepts to radiology we can improve Computer Vision to harness  algorithms which are among the most difficult concepts that human analysis can grasp only because these observance of said phenomena and tractable patterns must be keenly observed for long periods of time to then be desifferd and applied to algorithm .  These algorithms  when created must then be reviewed by the scientific community , validated applied to health care settings and patented. As one who has created algorithms in environmental health and in neurological processes I can say that the work involved is  tedious , time consuming and the scientist must be extremely dedicated to the task which can takes up to a year to complete . The promise of AI applied to radiology yields the following benefits to public health  fine detail in diagnostics , machine learning , and image analysis . The processes can aid in mitigating issue in diagnostics related to false positives and or false negative results in radiológic image  such as occurs with BKP or Bronchial-pneumonia and Tuberculosis ( Catazano & LIn ,2019). Analysis of these radio graphic images can be time consuming and tedious particularly for a physician in an emergency department with a heavy case load or in surge capacity . Objectives and Scope for activities under 42 U.S.C 300u seretary of health and human service was further undertaken by Healthy People and ODPHP during data subcommittee initiatives where the subcommittee in coordination with USALEEP  , Food Net , Public Alliance commissioned further determination of 2030 initiatives in accountability , surveillance and decision making by credible sources to strengthen data partnership infrastructure to meet challenges in the items above mentioned. Examples of scale up applications in AI were here described in  Ophthalmology and Radiology  .

References
Catazano , T.M  & Lin ,E.C (2019)  Rising to the Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare .

Secretary's Advisory Committee on National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives  for 2030 .Healthy People 2030

Cinema Therapy Prescriptives Understanding Public Health Modalities .

Positive psychology is a recent branch of psychology that studies the strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive (Brigit,W 2019) . Cinematherapy is an interactive therapeutic modality that uses clients experiences with movies ( as prescribed ) for the therapeutic process . This approach lends itself very well to be combined with and integrated into positive psychology. Films draw clients into the viewing experience because they portray the subtleties  of the human mind as well as the many dimensions of the human spirit . Because the characters frequently model the development of desired virtues and strengths diagnosed by the therapist as needed by the client to build capacity ; among some of these strengths are 1) Wisdom and Knowledge 2) Open Mindness 3) Persistence 4) Courage 5) Humanity 6) Justice and Forgiveness  .

Mode and Artistry
In order to understand the modality of the therapeutic process one must comprehend the artistry of the actor . Like carpentry acting is a craft with a definite skill set and tools that allow the actor to cause the desired effect . Because acting is a  an action in  time  and a physical process  the action causes an elixer type of an affect upon the patient . It can also have the ability of causing insight into psychological stress. (Bruder, 2018). An action performed by an actor must be specific,must have a cap ,be fun to perform , must not be manipulated by the actor  and must be in  accordance with the playwrights wishes .

Prescriptive in psychological treatment using Cinema therapy
The prescribe analyzes the scenes necessary to provoke the desired affect upon the patient seeking treatment .This aspect of Cinema therapy is important in the final outcome of treatment in molding psychosocial behavior .These modalities can be prescribed in individual patients , couple therapy , adolescent therapy or even in community settings . Cinema therapeutics is definitely a great adjunct to psychotherapy and a unique approach in public health and Behavioral Science /


References

Brigit , W(2019) Positive Psychology &  The Movies . Transnational Effect of Movies through Positive Cinema Therapy.

Bruder, M ; Cohen, M ; Pollack , W & Zigler, S(2019) A Practical Handbook for the Actor Random House New York .

Pesticides in Food Production ; Bio security and Quality

Food is a universal human need , and people hope and expect that the food they consume will not hurt them.  From coast to coast Americans enjoy access to an array of meats and other animal products ,grains ,and thousands of frozen and packaged goods ( Sherrow, 2019) .Pesticide use  has long been a topic of debate across many agricultural spectrum . Except as provided by the sub chapter 11 contained in the Environmental Pesticide Control Section 13 ab no person in any state may distribute or sell to any person that is not registered under this sub chapter .

Drifting Pesticides     
Scientists have documented the effects of specific pesticides including three toxic organo chlorins ,DDT, and Heptachlorines . Introduced in the 1940's all three were applied to fruit, vegetables and Tobacco crops ( Food Safety ,2019) . Chlordane was used in lawn care and both Chlordane and Heptachlordane were used against termites . These products can enter the body by air and skin and then accumulate in fatty tissue and organs . They have been linked to liver disease and cancers ;including brain tumors . All three were banned -DDT in 1972 ,Chloridane and Heptachlore  in 1987  but they are not biodegradable .

Today there are safer pesticides and as we have evaluated in the past ( Public Health Professionals ) Pesticide use is still a topic of much debate were specific populations are concerned and were crops are concerned .

Principles In use of Pesticides.  

1- Conduct a hazard analysis : plants determine the food safety hazards , identify the preventative measures the plant can apply to control these hazards., identify  the preventative measures the plant can apply to control these hazards .
criticle
2- Identify critical control points . A  control-point (ICCP)  is a point step on procedure in a food process at which controls can be prevented ,eliminated or reduced to an acceptable level. A food safety hazard is any biological , chemical , or physical property that may cause a food to be unsafe for human consumption.

3- These are actions to be taken where monitoring indicates a deviation from an established criticle  point . The final rule requires a plants  (HACCP) plan to identify the corrective actions to be taken if a critter limit is not met. Corrective action action are intended to ensure that no product injurious health.

References

Sherrow, V (2008) Food Safety. Point Counter Point . Chelsea House Publishing USA

Public Health Waste Management : Levels of Treatment of Wastes Material

     Wast management Technology consists of various methods to ascertain healthy environment . Wast material come in various forms and may have different toxic and physical symptoms that often may not be perceived by persons exposed . Among some of the different types of wastes are 1- Solid Wastes , 2- Garbage , 3-Rubbish , 4-and Sludge , Solid Wastes are unwanted or discarded material with insufficient liquid content to be free flowing . The term refuse is synonymous  with solid wastes. Garbage is residual or commercial food wastes , and rubbish are residual and commercial solid wastes exclusive of garbage term trash is synonymous with rubbish (Rhyner et al,  1995) . Sludge is the solid semisolid , or liquid wastes generated from a municipal industrial water way treatment plant or air pollution control facility  excluding the treated efficient .

Biological Treatment of Wastes Solid  

     The common biological treatment   processes are composting anaero bio decomposition ( also called ) anaerobic digestion ; and     fermentation , of these composting are the most developed . Some examples of organic wastes that are anaerobic meaning lacking of air or grounded wastes are organic wastes that are anaerobic to biological processing include Sewage , Sludge and Organic material that are amenable to biological processing. An example of organic wastes are Agricultural material that when processed become compote. All wastes eventually become principle solid wastes when treated .
The Leachate .   

     Leachate is liquid from rain fall and the natural decomposition of waste that is filtered through the landfill to a Leachate Collection System . The Leachate job is to direct the leachate to collect somps so it can be removed from the landfill. The Leachate Collection System is designed with a minimum 2% Slope to Drain to collection somps . A Leachate  collection somps consists of an HDPE riser and submersible pump. Leachate drains to the leachate      collection system where  it is transferred to a central collection pump and piped to an onsite holding pond. If necessary the leachate is transferred to an offsite wastewater treatment plant for disposal.

Composting solid wastes and leachate treatment are principle mechanism used in public health saffety and population security . Deeper treatment of wastes can be observed through the Defence Clean Up Program whose Methods to secure environmental quality and safety .Some of these methods include Decontamination and Demolition or  D & D ..

References

Rhyner,C.R;Schwartz,L.J ;Wenger,R.B & Kobrel,H.G (1995) Wastes Management and Resource Recovery . 

Retrieved from http://www.austincommunitylandfill.wn.com environmental -protection/index.jsp

Traditional Chinese Medicine : Bitter Orange as an Alternative in the Treatment of Mood Disorders .

Traditional Chinese  Medicine or TCM is an ancient science although it became known in the west during the 1930's .TCM is more than four thousand years old according to relics, and historical documents acupuncture is also utilized as an accompaniment to TCM   . Traditional Chinese  Medicine dates back to the Neolithia period as well  as the oldest writing on TCM which dates back to the eleventh century BC  (Luengo , L.T & Ariso , C.M   2005).  Since the 1970;s the World Health Organization began to pay attention  to and   cmhc,s success in solving there health problems so that in the 1970' s it created the promotion and development  on traditional medicine programs . Today as TCM is becoming better known in the west scientists and doctors from Chinese hospitals and Universities conduct rigorous scientific studies on the efficiency and safety of different scientific studies on the efficiency treatment and safety of different therapeutic   (Herbal) medicine .


Bitter Orange for Mood 

There are many types of citrus from Bitter Orange to Mandarin Oranges as well as Valencia Oranges  and Tangerines . Bitter Orange is an effective Citrus fruit that is very much used for medicinal purposes in many regions of the world . Bitter orange is used to serve as a holistic treatment option in Liver Cirrhosis to treat Jaundice . Bitter Orange is also used to treat mood disorders  such as stress disorder , anxiety and depression .


References

Luengo, T.M & Ariso, C.M (2015) Medicinal Plants at Home : More than 100 Easy Practical , and Efficient Natural Remedies .

Antidotes par Levels in Hospital Pharmacy : An E.R Nurse Experience with Spider Bites.

Identifying a spider bite is easier if you can identify the spider , this how ever may go unnoticed by the victim of a spiders bite . More than 40,000 species of spiders have been identified in the world .Spiders bite is a common problem among people ,however few of them are harmful but delay in treatment can cause death since the spider bites are risk full to humans they should be taken seriously (Rahmani,  et al 2014) . Non venomous spiders include the Brown Recluse ,while venomous spiders include  the Northern Widow spider ,the Southern Widow spider, the Tarantula , and the the Brown Widow spider . There are two other Recluse spiders that are not venomous these include the Mediterranean Recluse and the  Chilean Recluse .

 The majority of the 3,000 spiders in the United States aren't poisonous even if they manage to bite there fangs are two weak to penetrate the skin . The symptoms of a spiders bite include (1) itchy skin (2) redness (3)  swelling ,and (4) Skin damage ,as well as a rash in the affected area .Other possible symptoms include pain ,muscle aches ,vesicles , and nausea . Complications from  a spiders bite include chills , anxiety, High blood pressure, necrosis, gangrene , amputation of the affected area and cellulitis or systemic blood infection or sepsis.

 Treatment for a spiders bite are as follows : elevating the affected area , doses of antihistamine or benedryl , antibiotic ointment and  ice pack   It is also noteworthy to state that most bites stem from a persons inadvertently putting on a pair of shoes were a spider might be present . There for it is wise to check shoes before placing them on the feet . Antidote par levels should always be maintained within the hospital setting  and public health poison control agencies may periodically perform public health awareness through media ,chats and patient education . Spiders make excellent companions and are loved by children and adults ,they spin beautiful webs  and contribute to environmental stability .


References

Rahman, F ; Mahdi, Khojasteh,S ; Bakhtavar, M.E ; Rahmani, F ; Nia,K.S ; & Faridaalaee, G (2014) Poisonous Spiders ; Bites , Symptoms, and Treatment , An Educational Review . Emergency 2(2) pg 54-58

Retrieved from http://wwwncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4614586

 

An Analysis of African American Woman ,Aids in African Males who have Sex with Males and Marriage:

In 2006 Millett published a seminal literature review that examined 12 hypothesis that explored the causality for high rates of HIV among black MSM  or males who have sex with other males . The article published by Millett examined a broad spectrum of social and behavioral factors which contribute to high rates of HIV and AIDS in the African American  Population in particular  MSM . Among these factors were adherence to treatment , health seeking behavior , use of prophylaxis , undiagnosed HIV and AIDS  and other related factors  .We found evidence that the difference in rates of HIV between black and white MSM may be explained by differences in STI ,undiagnosed seropositivity , access to care and treatment services , and use of HAART. There is an overwhelming need of HIV testing ,linkages to care ,retention in care , and adherence programs for black MSM (Millett, et al 2014)  According to the World Health Organization there are an estimated 25.7 million people currently infected with HIV and AIDS in the Continent of Africa ,which means that there are 25 million people infected with HIV and AIDS in Africa .  A current fact sheet related to the topic and spearheaded by WHO provide interesting statistical data with regards to HIV and AIDS in the continent of Africa . Fact one is as follows : HIV continues to be a major global issue , having claimed more than 35 million lives so far,in 2017 940,000 people died from HIV related causes globally.  Fact rwo : 59% of adults and 52% of children living with HIV were receiving lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 2017 .  Fact Three :Globally the African region also accounts for over two thirds of the global total of new HIV infections . With all of the facts and evidence surrounding the African American Population it is note worthy to ask the obvious question , how do African American Women feel about the topic and do they consider the topic MSM  in the African American Male Population something to be concerned about when selecting a mate ?. In 2016 only 29% of African Americans were married ,also in 2016 just under half or 48% of black women had never been married which is up from 44% in 2008 and 42% in 2005 . As it stands half or 50% of African Americans have never been married , this is a bit perplexing because as stated previously MSM in black males may be a great deterrent to matrimony .There is a reason why Matrimony is called Matrimony ,because there actually Money involved married persons contribute to the economy by more than one third because they make house . What say you ?


References
http://www.blackdemographics.com/households/marriage -in-black-americans

http://www.who.int/news-room/factsheet/detail/hiv-aids HIV/AIDS Fact Sheet

Maulsby, C,Millett, G. Lindsey, K . Kelley, K . Johnson,K,  Montoya ,D & Holgrave , D (2014) AIds and Behaivior vol18 Issue 1 

BioEngeenered Blood Vessels with the Capacity to Mimic Real Blood Vessels : Imlications for BBB

Researchers have developed engineered blood vessels that closely mimic the structure and function of human  blood vessels(NIH,2019) . These engendered vessels demonstrate promise in being safer and more effective in Grafts made from synthetic materials . which are a step in the right direction for patients with (E.S.R.D) End Stage Renal Failure .  What implications does this finding have though for the BBB or Blood Brain Barrier ? .  Based on the results of recent testing these Life Like vessels are now in the direction for clinical use . When we examine how these engineered vessels  can be beneficial in diagnostics and in E.S.R.D interventions . we can begin by estimating stating that 25 % of all human blood are filtered through the Renal System. we  can also assimilate that a common E.S.R.D patient have dietary limitations and liquid consumption that is a tough prescription with the average patient allowed to consume  only 32 oz of liquid per day on a hot summer day this prescription can be a challenge for any E.S.R.D patient particularly when these 32 oz include liquid used for cooking    The vessels are harvested from smooth muscle abundant in the uterus and other organs which also   may contribute to an increase in cost effectiveness . But what promise is there for BBB interventions to avert Hemiplegia in C.V.A patients ?  Lets examine the procedure involved in harvesting tissue .  Tissue is harvested in Burn victims . Skin Grafts in Dermatological such as Mohs surgical procedures to restore S.C.C and B.C.C excisions . these procedures take about one and a half to two months to fuse through colonization and skin cell fusion . Proteins and collagen play a vital role as does granulation . This how ever pertains to the psychopathology of  the dermis which has elasticity and a capacity to expand . Smooth muscle from internal organs have different proteins and a capacity for rejection because they are considered connective tissue  . so can these vessels be implanted in the BBB .quite possibly through microaggression procedures. the only foreseeable issue would be in neurological .implications because neuron in smooth tissue and striated tissue are different and distinct as are there function .


References

NIH (2019) VITA Program .Vascular Interventions / Innovations and Therapeutic Advances . (VITA) program .Retrieved from http://www.hihlbi.gov/science  /vascular interventioninnovation -and-therapeuticadvances

       

Endangered Plants and Species : Challenges for the Future

The gain in popularity of herbal medicine contributes to global economy ( L Cruz.2019) . Over exploitation of these herbal and medicinal plants create an unsustainable market .forestry and agricultural unsuitability due to accelerated pace of environmental destruction.  This situation threatens conservation and have led to the destruction of over 10.000 plant species from among the 50.000 to 70.000 plants that are known for there medicinal qualities and practices as well as there properties (Luengo & Ariso 2015) . In fact the majority of the medicinal plants at risk are grown in poor countries  and are disappearing among these countries are The Amazonian region and Rain forest Regions . 

Examples of  Endangered Plant Species
1- Ginsing
2-Equisitum
3-Baldo Peumus Baldus
4-Quima Cinchoa
5- White Nistle

World Conservation and World Wide Fund for Nature Guild lines
The guild lines provide good practice in aromatic plant species .harvesting methods and  farming .The allow for sustainability and species conservation as well as environmental  and public health. 

Example of the Benefits of Plant Species

Corn as a  Major Diuretic
The body is constantly adjusting fluid levels  through a complex system which includes hormone regulation .liquid and electrolyte consumption and even respiration.  These physiological functions allow for the elimination of excess fluid .but when for some reason these mechanisms do not function as well . Corn has been found to behave as a diuretic when consumed which can also serve to adjust liquid and electrolyte level in Dialysis patients . if not contraindicated with potassium levels .

Referenses
Luengo .M & Ariso .C (2015) Medicinal Plants at Home .more than 100 easy Practical and Efficient Natural Remedies

Cruz .L (2019) Challenges for  the Future .http//www.neopositivisticpublichealth .blogspot.com

 

Antioxidants and there Beneficial Properties

A stimulating antioxidant drink can be found in the consumption of Green Tea . Green Tea is one of the oldest beverages in the world . According to Chinese legend green tea was accidentally discovered by an emperer four thousand years ago . Since green tea is currently consumed by more than two thirds of the worlds population (Luengo & Aniso 2015) When should you use green tea ? you should use green tea when feeling tired and or  run down . since green tea stimulates the metabolism and increases wakefulness . These properties make it effective for physical and mental exhaustion . breathing and has a bronchodilator effect that is good for treating bronchitis and asthma. It also increases gastric juices .improves digestion and is an effective diuretic to prevent fluid retention .

What related products also contain green tea extract ? green tea can also be found in essential oils  and other beauty products . With regard to essential oils it is important to note that essential oils possess excellent properties in pain relief . joint relief .fatigue . and as a great stress reliever .

Green tea and essential oils are a great way to relieve joint pain steaming from pregnancy .arthritis .to treat insect stings skin conditions . such as dry cracked skin .dermatitis .psoriasis and to treat many other skin conditions .


References

Luengo .M & Aniso.C (2015) Medicinal Plants   

EKG Interpretation Utilizing DNN or Deep Neural Networks

Electrocardiograph analysis was developed to elucidate cardiac algorithm with the objective of discerning cardiac output and to better understand Korotkoff sounds measured with a twelve lead rhythm  algorithm plotted on a graph which depicts a one minute interval  generating the heart rate .. The first machines developed utilized metal plates and conduction gel which were attached to the patients inner limbs with a rubber strips  and a six lead landmark on the chest . During the 1990s  the digital and computerized EKG machine was developed where nurses examined the rhythm strip and interpreted the  heart rate.  Today we still utilize digital EKG but recently we have scaled the twelve lead digital EKG by adding AI or artificial Intelligence  to better interpret heart rhythm particularly in emergency situations that may occur outdoors .   In a research article entitled Cardiologist - Level arrhythmia Detection and Classification in Ambulatory Electrocardiograms Using Deep Neural Network ' were 53,549 patients attached to a single lead ambulatory ECG monitoring devise was validated against an independent test  data set annotated by a consensus committee of board certified practicing cardiologist , the DNN or Deep Neural Network achieved an average area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC ) of  0.97 the average cardiologist 0.780 with specificity fixed at the average  specificity achieved by cardiologist , the sensitivity of DNN exceeded the average cardiologist sensitivity for all  rhythm classes . The article is significant because this will enable AI or Artificial Intelligence to be adequately integrated into cardiac analysis using less equipment thus being more  cost effective , and adaptable to many settings and environments .



References

Hanun , A.Y ; Rapurkar, P ; Haghpanahi,, M; Tison, G.H ; Bourn,C; Turakia,M.P & Ng,A.Y   (2019) Cardiologist -Level Arrythmia Detection and Classification in Ambulatory Electrocardiograms Using a Deep Neural Network  NCBI     

CRISPR Cas 9 as a Tool in Addressing Heritable Disease . Public Health Applications.

Genome editing involves the deletion , insertion , or modification of the genome at specific sites within the genomes DNA sequence .The mere thought of the re Reconstruction of the DNA sequence provokes fear , confusion and differences in values , folkways and mores in society . The profound issues in health and well being that are witnessed in society today can not be denied ; in many instances these issues describe a  pathological society ( Principles of Public Health 2019) . Genome editing is guided by a set of laws that can be found within the GINA Act and this law should be available to society for instruction .The truth is that technology is well  advanced; such so that  plagues  in society  such as Opined use , Diabetics , and Heart disease can possibly be addressed through the use is Genome Editing . The chronic diseases mentioned above are all heritable diseases , , yes opioid  , heroin use as well as , alcoholism are heritable traits . In fact opioid addiction and heroin addiction are 20 % more heritable than diabetes which stands at being 34% heritable . Opioid addiction as well as heroin addiction are therefor about 54% heritable higher than many many other heritable diseases (NAP, 2016) .  CRISPER Cas 9 as well as TALENS  offer hope in addressing many of the chronic diseases mentioned above , is cost effective and precise  in clinical practice and public health endevours . The molecular mechanism found in CRISPER Cas 9 allows for the recognition of damaged DNA stand targets it then gRNA compliments the the located site of damage where Cas 9 can cleave the area with great specificity( CDC.gov ,2019) There are two DNA repair types , the first is Non Homologous end joining and the second repair type is Homology Directed Repair which utilizes Codone Manipulation . PBSS or Prescription Behavior Surveillance   is an excellent way of prevention deaths from opioid overdose , but one must also take into consideration heredity in disease manifestation  , phenotype development and in gene expression ( CDC.gov,2019) .  The clinical application of Gene Editing are currently being applied to plant DNA and to research involving Crops , but the same  molecular mechanisms of action may soon be applied to health care practice . When addressing critical issues in Public Health it is best to offer the consumer a wide variety of solutions for any given problem (NASH ,2019)


References

Nash , J 2019) Game Theory . Retrieved from http://www. Columbia.edu

CDC (2019) Drug Overdose . Centers for Disease Control Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/drigoverdose/pdf/pdssReports-072017.pdf

Genetic Alliance (2019) CRISPR CAS 9 . Retrieved from http;//www.geneticalliance  .org.uk

NAP(2019) Pathways in Addiction . National Academies Press