Is Oxidative Stress the Causality in the Develoment o HIV Virus

Most physicians believed that stress only lead to the development of a peptic ulcer; this is classic post positivistic scientific view. Ulcers are caused by H Pilori ; a gastrointestinal bacteria found in the stomach which is treatable with antibiotic treatment, how ever ,stress has the ability to cause non essential organ system disease (Zopolsky 2018) how does this occure? This occurs because when the individual is in the midst of a stressful event his or her primary physiologic function are the fight or flight response . This response is important to combat the stressful event in which the individual finds himself or herself ;and is guided by the sympathetic nervous system   meaning that essential systems such as the immune system are placed in the back burner while the stressful event is resolved . But what happens when stressers become multiplied ? , the immune system never really reactivates itself and  if it does; its not for long. This causes oxidative stress ; which is a very different type of stress, this type of stress uses distinct mechanisms of recovery and has the ability to cause devastating physiologic damage.  Some of the following pathologies and disease development associated with oxidative stress are  (1) heart failure (2) peptic ulcers (3) hair loss (4) cancer (5) obesity (6) mental illness , and (7) cell death. Is oxidative stress a factor in placing the individual in prime susceptibility for contracting HIV ? . Yes , because when  oxidative stress begin to occure cells lose an electron ; but to survive it retreaves an electron to replace the lose . If oxidative stress is in process and has no mechanism or electron supply to retrieve from then there is cell death . What can cause oxidative stress? Some of the following factors that cause oxidative stress are poor nutrition , ilicit drug use, IV rug use , illness , poverty and social stress . When these factors  occur alone they are not sufficient to cause oxidative stress which in turn cause cell death; however when these factors are almost all present in the life of an individual they do have the capacity to cause oxidative stress. that in turn cause place the person in a prime condition to contract HIV virus . Such as seen in an IV drug user who may have poor nutrition and homelessness , or a homosexual man with family issues who also uses drugs and suffers sexual repression. These examples are a few of the multiple which prevent the immune system to both function , prevent disease onset and  ever recovering its full function; because it is constantly being placed in the back burner .  To combat this type of stress antioxidants are necessary because they strengthen the cell from which electrons can be pulled when oxidative stress attempt to occur there by preventing the process of or onset of oxidative stress. Antioxidants are obtainable from fruits ,vegetables , supplements such as green tea.



References

Sapolsky , R (2017) The Science of Stress . Portrait of a Killer. National Geographics

E.J Corey , Czako , B & Kurti , L (207) Molecules and Medicine . Wiley Publishing              

HIV Viral Expression

While field epidemiology  of acute problems share many characteristics with prospectively planned epidemiologic studies ; they may differ in at least three important  aspects , first because field investigations often start  without clear hypothesis they may require the use of descriptive studies to generate hypothesis before analytic studies can be defined and designed and conducted to test these hypothesis , second ; as noted previously ; when acute problems occur there is an immediate need to protect the communitys health and address its concerns. These responsabilities drive the epidemiologic field investigation beyond the confines of data collection and analysis and action  Gregg,M ( 2004). Finally , field epidemiology requires one primary narrative to concider when the data are sufficient to take action rather than ask what additional questions might be answered.

Why is this significant? because this epidemiologic investigative sequence  serves to analyze the operational methodology of the epidemiolgic investigation that lead to the diagnosis of HIV during the 1980s and whether  biological plausability where applied .

A retrospective analysis only raises more questions; one of which is ?where lifestyles a contributing factor in developing HIV virus  contributing factor and yet another question might be :is oxidative stressa contributing factor as well. Last weeks post recommended using homeopathic nterventions as complimentary medicine when rating HIV and AIDS . Another factor to concider is , ? are gene expression a  factor in phenotype development and did scientists foresee the constant mutation of this virus which were never appropriately isolated to begin with . The virus existance rest on particulate matter which hon ad been exposed o a supernatum or growth factor . The controversy surrounding the condition is not the syndrom or AIDS but rather the test sensitivity and specificity which relies upn antibodys formed from the presence of a virus which a person had been exposed to . In additin when we analyze the behavior associated with life styles of a living organism exposed to the virus ; we forget that a single organism has a behavior as well that al?low for the identification of normal and abnormal ; it is abnormal for a virus to behave as a cancer cell which is what this virus does , the term used to identify this anomolly is retrovirus . This leads me to ask the following two questions , ?is tis phenotype a result of autoimmune expression, and why would antiretroviral medication be prescribed to destroy DNA when what should have been done is to protect the DNA which are being attacked by a retrovirus . Strengthening the organism by way that it can fight off the attack of he virus is a better choice in clinical practice not weakening the organism with antiretroviral medication for a virus whose very existence rests on particulate  matter .

Refernces
Gregg , M (2004) Field Epidemiology 3rd ed Oxford University