Pesticides in Food Production ; Bio security and Quality

Food is a universal human need , and people hope and expect that the food they consume will not hurt them.  From coast to coast Americans enjoy access to an array of meats and other animal products ,grains ,and thousands of frozen and packaged goods ( Sherrow, 2019) .Pesticide use  has long been a topic of debate across many agricultural spectrum . Except as provided by the sub chapter 11 contained in the Environmental Pesticide Control Section 13 ab no person in any state may distribute or sell to any person that is not registered under this sub chapter .

Drifting Pesticides     
Scientists have documented the effects of specific pesticides including three toxic organo chlorins ,DDT, and Heptachlorines . Introduced in the 1940's all three were applied to fruit, vegetables and Tobacco crops ( Food Safety ,2019) . Chlordane was used in lawn care and both Chlordane and Heptachlordane were used against termites . These products can enter the body by air and skin and then accumulate in fatty tissue and organs . They have been linked to liver disease and cancers ;including brain tumors . All three were banned -DDT in 1972 ,Chloridane and Heptachlore  in 1987  but they are not biodegradable .

Today there are safer pesticides and as we have evaluated in the past ( Public Health Professionals ) Pesticide use is still a topic of much debate were specific populations are concerned and were crops are concerned .

Principles In use of Pesticides.  

1- Conduct a hazard analysis : plants determine the food safety hazards , identify the preventative measures the plant can apply to control these hazards., identify  the preventative measures the plant can apply to control these hazards .
criticle
2- Identify critical control points . A  control-point (ICCP)  is a point step on procedure in a food process at which controls can be prevented ,eliminated or reduced to an acceptable level. A food safety hazard is any biological , chemical , or physical property that may cause a food to be unsafe for human consumption.

3- These are actions to be taken where monitoring indicates a deviation from an established criticle  point . The final rule requires a plants  (HACCP) plan to identify the corrective actions to be taken if a critter limit is not met. Corrective action action are intended to ensure that no product injurious health.

References

Sherrow, V (2008) Food Safety. Point Counter Point . Chelsea House Publishing USA

Public Health Waste Management : Levels of Treatment of Wastes Material

     Wast management Technology consists of various methods to ascertain healthy environment . Wast material come in various forms and may have different toxic and physical symptoms that often may not be perceived by persons exposed . Among some of the different types of wastes are 1- Solid Wastes , 2- Garbage , 3-Rubbish , 4-and Sludge , Solid Wastes are unwanted or discarded material with insufficient liquid content to be free flowing . The term refuse is synonymous  with solid wastes. Garbage is residual or commercial food wastes , and rubbish are residual and commercial solid wastes exclusive of garbage term trash is synonymous with rubbish (Rhyner et al,  1995) . Sludge is the solid semisolid , or liquid wastes generated from a municipal industrial water way treatment plant or air pollution control facility  excluding the treated efficient .

Biological Treatment of Wastes Solid  

     The common biological treatment   processes are composting anaero bio decomposition ( also called ) anaerobic digestion ; and     fermentation , of these composting are the most developed . Some examples of organic wastes that are anaerobic meaning lacking of air or grounded wastes are organic wastes that are anaerobic to biological processing include Sewage , Sludge and Organic material that are amenable to biological processing. An example of organic wastes are Agricultural material that when processed become compote. All wastes eventually become principle solid wastes when treated .
The Leachate .   

     Leachate is liquid from rain fall and the natural decomposition of waste that is filtered through the landfill to a Leachate Collection System . The Leachate job is to direct the leachate to collect somps so it can be removed from the landfill. The Leachate Collection System is designed with a minimum 2% Slope to Drain to collection somps . A Leachate  collection somps consists of an HDPE riser and submersible pump. Leachate drains to the leachate      collection system where  it is transferred to a central collection pump and piped to an onsite holding pond. If necessary the leachate is transferred to an offsite wastewater treatment plant for disposal.

Composting solid wastes and leachate treatment are principle mechanism used in public health saffety and population security . Deeper treatment of wastes can be observed through the Defence Clean Up Program whose Methods to secure environmental quality and safety .Some of these methods include Decontamination and Demolition or  D & D ..

References

Rhyner,C.R;Schwartz,L.J ;Wenger,R.B & Kobrel,H.G (1995) Wastes Management and Resource Recovery . 

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