Public Health Waste Management : Levels of Treatment of Wastes Material

     Wast management Technology consists of various methods to ascertain healthy environment . Wast material come in various forms and may have different toxic and physical symptoms that often may not be perceived by persons exposed . Among some of the different types of wastes are 1- Solid Wastes , 2- Garbage , 3-Rubbish , 4-and Sludge , Solid Wastes are unwanted or discarded material with insufficient liquid content to be free flowing . The term refuse is synonymous  with solid wastes. Garbage is residual or commercial food wastes , and rubbish are residual and commercial solid wastes exclusive of garbage term trash is synonymous with rubbish (Rhyner et al,  1995) . Sludge is the solid semisolid , or liquid wastes generated from a municipal industrial water way treatment plant or air pollution control facility  excluding the treated efficient .

Biological Treatment of Wastes Solid  

     The common biological treatment   processes are composting anaero bio decomposition ( also called ) anaerobic digestion ; and     fermentation , of these composting are the most developed . Some examples of organic wastes that are anaerobic meaning lacking of air or grounded wastes are organic wastes that are anaerobic to biological processing include Sewage , Sludge and Organic material that are amenable to biological processing. An example of organic wastes are Agricultural material that when processed become compote. All wastes eventually become principle solid wastes when treated .
The Leachate .   

     Leachate is liquid from rain fall and the natural decomposition of waste that is filtered through the landfill to a Leachate Collection System . The Leachate job is to direct the leachate to collect somps so it can be removed from the landfill. The Leachate Collection System is designed with a minimum 2% Slope to Drain to collection somps . A Leachate  collection somps consists of an HDPE riser and submersible pump. Leachate drains to the leachate      collection system where  it is transferred to a central collection pump and piped to an onsite holding pond. If necessary the leachate is transferred to an offsite wastewater treatment plant for disposal.

Composting solid wastes and leachate treatment are principle mechanism used in public health saffety and population security . Deeper treatment of wastes can be observed through the Defence Clean Up Program whose Methods to secure environmental quality and safety .Some of these methods include Decontamination and Demolition or  D & D ..

References

Rhyner,C.R;Schwartz,L.J ;Wenger,R.B & Kobrel,H.G (1995) Wastes Management and Resource Recovery . 

Retrieved from http://www.austincommunitylandfill.wn.com environmental -protection/index.jsp

Traditional Chinese Medicine : Bitter Orange as an Alternative in the Treatment of Mood Disorders .

Traditional Chinese  Medicine or TCM is an ancient science although it became known in the west during the 1930's .TCM is more than four thousand years old according to relics, and historical documents acupuncture is also utilized as an accompaniment to TCM   . Traditional Chinese  Medicine dates back to the Neolithia period as well  as the oldest writing on TCM which dates back to the eleventh century BC  (Luengo , L.T & Ariso , C.M   2005).  Since the 1970;s the World Health Organization began to pay attention  to and   cmhc,s success in solving there health problems so that in the 1970' s it created the promotion and development  on traditional medicine programs . Today as TCM is becoming better known in the west scientists and doctors from Chinese hospitals and Universities conduct rigorous scientific studies on the efficiency and safety of different scientific studies on the efficiency treatment and safety of different therapeutic   (Herbal) medicine .


Bitter Orange for Mood 

There are many types of citrus from Bitter Orange to Mandarin Oranges as well as Valencia Oranges  and Tangerines . Bitter Orange is an effective Citrus fruit that is very much used for medicinal purposes in many regions of the world . Bitter orange is used to serve as a holistic treatment option in Liver Cirrhosis to treat Jaundice . Bitter Orange is also used to treat mood disorders  such as stress disorder , anxiety and depression .


References

Luengo, T.M & Ariso, C.M (2015) Medicinal Plants at Home : More than 100 Easy Practical , and Efficient Natural Remedies .

Antidotes par Levels in Hospital Pharmacy : An E.R Nurse Experience with Spider Bites.

Identifying a spider bite is easier if you can identify the spider , this how ever may go unnoticed by the victim of a spiders bite . More than 40,000 species of spiders have been identified in the world .Spiders bite is a common problem among people ,however few of them are harmful but delay in treatment can cause death since the spider bites are risk full to humans they should be taken seriously (Rahmani,  et al 2014) . Non venomous spiders include the Brown Recluse ,while venomous spiders include  the Northern Widow spider ,the Southern Widow spider, the Tarantula , and the the Brown Widow spider . There are two other Recluse spiders that are not venomous these include the Mediterranean Recluse and the  Chilean Recluse .

 The majority of the 3,000 spiders in the United States aren't poisonous even if they manage to bite there fangs are two weak to penetrate the skin . The symptoms of a spiders bite include (1) itchy skin (2) redness (3)  swelling ,and (4) Skin damage ,as well as a rash in the affected area .Other possible symptoms include pain ,muscle aches ,vesicles , and nausea . Complications from  a spiders bite include chills , anxiety, High blood pressure, necrosis, gangrene , amputation of the affected area and cellulitis or systemic blood infection or sepsis.

 Treatment for a spiders bite are as follows : elevating the affected area , doses of antihistamine or benedryl , antibiotic ointment and  ice pack   It is also noteworthy to state that most bites stem from a persons inadvertently putting on a pair of shoes were a spider might be present . There for it is wise to check shoes before placing them on the feet . Antidote par levels should always be maintained within the hospital setting  and public health poison control agencies may periodically perform public health awareness through media ,chats and patient education . Spiders make excellent companions and are loved by children and adults ,they spin beautiful webs  and contribute to environmental stability .


References

Rahman, F ; Mahdi, Khojasteh,S ; Bakhtavar, M.E ; Rahmani, F ; Nia,K.S ; & Faridaalaee, G (2014) Poisonous Spiders ; Bites , Symptoms, and Treatment , An Educational Review . Emergency 2(2) pg 54-58

Retrieved from http://wwwncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4614586

 

An Analysis of African American Woman ,Aids in African Males who have Sex with Males and Marriage:

In 2006 Millett published a seminal literature review that examined 12 hypothesis that explored the causality for high rates of HIV among black MSM  or males who have sex with other males . The article published by Millett examined a broad spectrum of social and behavioral factors which contribute to high rates of HIV and AIDS in the African American  Population in particular  MSM . Among these factors were adherence to treatment , health seeking behavior , use of prophylaxis , undiagnosed HIV and AIDS  and other related factors  .We found evidence that the difference in rates of HIV between black and white MSM may be explained by differences in STI ,undiagnosed seropositivity , access to care and treatment services , and use of HAART. There is an overwhelming need of HIV testing ,linkages to care ,retention in care , and adherence programs for black MSM (Millett, et al 2014)  According to the World Health Organization there are an estimated 25.7 million people currently infected with HIV and AIDS in the Continent of Africa ,which means that there are 25 million people infected with HIV and AIDS in Africa .  A current fact sheet related to the topic and spearheaded by WHO provide interesting statistical data with regards to HIV and AIDS in the continent of Africa . Fact one is as follows : HIV continues to be a major global issue , having claimed more than 35 million lives so far,in 2017 940,000 people died from HIV related causes globally.  Fact rwo : 59% of adults and 52% of children living with HIV were receiving lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 2017 .  Fact Three :Globally the African region also accounts for over two thirds of the global total of new HIV infections . With all of the facts and evidence surrounding the African American Population it is note worthy to ask the obvious question , how do African American Women feel about the topic and do they consider the topic MSM  in the African American Male Population something to be concerned about when selecting a mate ?. In 2016 only 29% of African Americans were married ,also in 2016 just under half or 48% of black women had never been married which is up from 44% in 2008 and 42% in 2005 . As it stands half or 50% of African Americans have never been married , this is a bit perplexing because as stated previously MSM in black males may be a great deterrent to matrimony .There is a reason why Matrimony is called Matrimony ,because there actually Money involved married persons contribute to the economy by more than one third because they make house . What say you ?


References
http://www.blackdemographics.com/households/marriage -in-black-americans

http://www.who.int/news-room/factsheet/detail/hiv-aids HIV/AIDS Fact Sheet

Maulsby, C,Millett, G. Lindsey, K . Kelley, K . Johnson,K,  Montoya ,D & Holgrave , D (2014) AIds and Behaivior vol18 Issue 1 

BioEngeenered Blood Vessels with the Capacity to Mimic Real Blood Vessels : Imlications for BBB

Researchers have developed engineered blood vessels that closely mimic the structure and function of human  blood vessels(NIH,2019) . These engendered vessels demonstrate promise in being safer and more effective in Grafts made from synthetic materials . which are a step in the right direction for patients with (E.S.R.D) End Stage Renal Failure .  What implications does this finding have though for the BBB or Blood Brain Barrier ? .  Based on the results of recent testing these Life Like vessels are now in the direction for clinical use . When we examine how these engineered vessels  can be beneficial in diagnostics and in E.S.R.D interventions . we can begin by estimating stating that 25 % of all human blood are filtered through the Renal System. we  can also assimilate that a common E.S.R.D patient have dietary limitations and liquid consumption that is a tough prescription with the average patient allowed to consume  only 32 oz of liquid per day on a hot summer day this prescription can be a challenge for any E.S.R.D patient particularly when these 32 oz include liquid used for cooking    The vessels are harvested from smooth muscle abundant in the uterus and other organs which also   may contribute to an increase in cost effectiveness . But what promise is there for BBB interventions to avert Hemiplegia in C.V.A patients ?  Lets examine the procedure involved in harvesting tissue .  Tissue is harvested in Burn victims . Skin Grafts in Dermatological such as Mohs surgical procedures to restore S.C.C and B.C.C excisions . these procedures take about one and a half to two months to fuse through colonization and skin cell fusion . Proteins and collagen play a vital role as does granulation . This how ever pertains to the psychopathology of  the dermis which has elasticity and a capacity to expand . Smooth muscle from internal organs have different proteins and a capacity for rejection because they are considered connective tissue  . so can these vessels be implanted in the BBB .quite possibly through microaggression procedures. the only foreseeable issue would be in neurological .implications because neuron in smooth tissue and striated tissue are different and distinct as are there function .


References

NIH (2019) VITA Program .Vascular Interventions / Innovations and Therapeutic Advances . (VITA) program .Retrieved from http://www.hihlbi.gov/science  /vascular interventioninnovation -and-therapeuticadvances

       

Endangered Plants and Species : Challenges for the Future

The gain in popularity of herbal medicine contributes to global economy ( L Cruz.2019) . Over exploitation of these herbal and medicinal plants create an unsustainable market .forestry and agricultural unsuitability due to accelerated pace of environmental destruction.  This situation threatens conservation and have led to the destruction of over 10.000 plant species from among the 50.000 to 70.000 plants that are known for there medicinal qualities and practices as well as there properties (Luengo & Ariso 2015) . In fact the majority of the medicinal plants at risk are grown in poor countries  and are disappearing among these countries are The Amazonian region and Rain forest Regions . 

Examples of  Endangered Plant Species
1- Ginsing
2-Equisitum
3-Baldo Peumus Baldus
4-Quima Cinchoa
5- White Nistle

World Conservation and World Wide Fund for Nature Guild lines
The guild lines provide good practice in aromatic plant species .harvesting methods and  farming .The allow for sustainability and species conservation as well as environmental  and public health. 

Example of the Benefits of Plant Species

Corn as a  Major Diuretic
The body is constantly adjusting fluid levels  through a complex system which includes hormone regulation .liquid and electrolyte consumption and even respiration.  These physiological functions allow for the elimination of excess fluid .but when for some reason these mechanisms do not function as well . Corn has been found to behave as a diuretic when consumed which can also serve to adjust liquid and electrolyte level in Dialysis patients . if not contraindicated with potassium levels .

Referenses
Luengo .M & Ariso .C (2015) Medicinal Plants at Home .more than 100 easy Practical and Efficient Natural Remedies

Cruz .L (2019) Challenges for  the Future .http//www.neopositivisticpublichealth .blogspot.com

 

Antioxidants and there Beneficial Properties

A stimulating antioxidant drink can be found in the consumption of Green Tea . Green Tea is one of the oldest beverages in the world . According to Chinese legend green tea was accidentally discovered by an emperer four thousand years ago . Since green tea is currently consumed by more than two thirds of the worlds population (Luengo & Aniso 2015) When should you use green tea ? you should use green tea when feeling tired and or  run down . since green tea stimulates the metabolism and increases wakefulness . These properties make it effective for physical and mental exhaustion . breathing and has a bronchodilator effect that is good for treating bronchitis and asthma. It also increases gastric juices .improves digestion and is an effective diuretic to prevent fluid retention .

What related products also contain green tea extract ? green tea can also be found in essential oils  and other beauty products . With regard to essential oils it is important to note that essential oils possess excellent properties in pain relief . joint relief .fatigue . and as a great stress reliever .

Green tea and essential oils are a great way to relieve joint pain steaming from pregnancy .arthritis .to treat insect stings skin conditions . such as dry cracked skin .dermatitis .psoriasis and to treat many other skin conditions .


References

Luengo .M & Aniso.C (2015) Medicinal Plants