Endangered Plants and Species : Challenges for the Future

The gain in popularity of herbal medicine contributes to global economy ( L Cruz.2019) . Over exploitation of these herbal and medicinal plants create an unsustainable market .forestry and agricultural unsuitability due to accelerated pace of environmental destruction.  This situation threatens conservation and have led to the destruction of over 10.000 plant species from among the 50.000 to 70.000 plants that are known for there medicinal qualities and practices as well as there properties (Luengo & Ariso 2015) . In fact the majority of the medicinal plants at risk are grown in poor countries  and are disappearing among these countries are The Amazonian region and Rain forest Regions . 

Examples of  Endangered Plant Species
1- Ginsing
2-Equisitum
3-Baldo Peumus Baldus
4-Quima Cinchoa
5- White Nistle

World Conservation and World Wide Fund for Nature Guild lines
The guild lines provide good practice in aromatic plant species .harvesting methods and  farming .The allow for sustainability and species conservation as well as environmental  and public health. 

Example of the Benefits of Plant Species

Corn as a  Major Diuretic
The body is constantly adjusting fluid levels  through a complex system which includes hormone regulation .liquid and electrolyte consumption and even respiration.  These physiological functions allow for the elimination of excess fluid .but when for some reason these mechanisms do not function as well . Corn has been found to behave as a diuretic when consumed which can also serve to adjust liquid and electrolyte level in Dialysis patients . if not contraindicated with potassium levels .

Referenses
Luengo .M & Ariso .C (2015) Medicinal Plants at Home .more than 100 easy Practical and Efficient Natural Remedies

Cruz .L (2019) Challenges for  the Future .http//www.neopositivisticpublichealth .blogspot.com

 

Antioxidants and there Beneficial Properties

A stimulating antioxidant drink can be found in the consumption of Green Tea . Green Tea is one of the oldest beverages in the world . According to Chinese legend green tea was accidentally discovered by an emperer four thousand years ago . Since green tea is currently consumed by more than two thirds of the worlds population (Luengo & Aniso 2015) When should you use green tea ? you should use green tea when feeling tired and or  run down . since green tea stimulates the metabolism and increases wakefulness . These properties make it effective for physical and mental exhaustion . breathing and has a bronchodilator effect that is good for treating bronchitis and asthma. It also increases gastric juices .improves digestion and is an effective diuretic to prevent fluid retention .

What related products also contain green tea extract ? green tea can also be found in essential oils  and other beauty products . With regard to essential oils it is important to note that essential oils possess excellent properties in pain relief . joint relief .fatigue . and as a great stress reliever .

Green tea and essential oils are a great way to relieve joint pain steaming from pregnancy .arthritis .to treat insect stings skin conditions . such as dry cracked skin .dermatitis .psoriasis and to treat many other skin conditions .


References

Luengo .M & Aniso.C (2015) Medicinal Plants   

EKG Interpretation Utilizing DNN or Deep Neural Networks

Electrocardiograph analysis was developed to elucidate cardiac algorithm with the objective of discerning cardiac output and to better understand Korotkoff sounds measured with a twelve lead rhythm  algorithm plotted on a graph which depicts a one minute interval  generating the heart rate .. The first machines developed utilized metal plates and conduction gel which were attached to the patients inner limbs with a rubber strips  and a six lead landmark on the chest . During the 1990s  the digital and computerized EKG machine was developed where nurses examined the rhythm strip and interpreted the  heart rate.  Today we still utilize digital EKG but recently we have scaled the twelve lead digital EKG by adding AI or artificial Intelligence  to better interpret heart rhythm particularly in emergency situations that may occur outdoors .   In a research article entitled Cardiologist - Level arrhythmia Detection and Classification in Ambulatory Electrocardiograms Using Deep Neural Network ' were 53,549 patients attached to a single lead ambulatory ECG monitoring devise was validated against an independent test  data set annotated by a consensus committee of board certified practicing cardiologist , the DNN or Deep Neural Network achieved an average area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC ) of  0.97 the average cardiologist 0.780 with specificity fixed at the average  specificity achieved by cardiologist , the sensitivity of DNN exceeded the average cardiologist sensitivity for all  rhythm classes . The article is significant because this will enable AI or Artificial Intelligence to be adequately integrated into cardiac analysis using less equipment thus being more  cost effective , and adaptable to many settings and environments .



References

Hanun , A.Y ; Rapurkar, P ; Haghpanahi,, M; Tison, G.H ; Bourn,C; Turakia,M.P & Ng,A.Y   (2019) Cardiologist -Level Arrythmia Detection and Classification in Ambulatory Electrocardiograms Using a Deep Neural Network  NCBI     

CRISPR Cas 9 as a Tool in Addressing Heritable Disease . Public Health Applications.

Genome editing involves the deletion , insertion , or modification of the genome at specific sites within the genomes DNA sequence .The mere thought of the re Reconstruction of the DNA sequence provokes fear , confusion and differences in values , folkways and mores in society . The profound issues in health and well being that are witnessed in society today can not be denied ; in many instances these issues describe a  pathological society ( Principles of Public Health 2019) . Genome editing is guided by a set of laws that can be found within the GINA Act and this law should be available to society for instruction .The truth is that technology is well  advanced; such so that  plagues  in society  such as Opined use , Diabetics , and Heart disease can possibly be addressed through the use is Genome Editing . The chronic diseases mentioned above are all heritable diseases , , yes opioid  , heroin use as well as , alcoholism are heritable traits . In fact opioid addiction and heroin addiction are 20 % more heritable than diabetes which stands at being 34% heritable . Opioid addiction as well as heroin addiction are therefor about 54% heritable higher than many many other heritable diseases (NAP, 2016) .  CRISPER Cas 9 as well as TALENS  offer hope in addressing many of the chronic diseases mentioned above , is cost effective and precise  in clinical practice and public health endevours . The molecular mechanism found in CRISPER Cas 9 allows for the recognition of damaged DNA stand targets it then gRNA compliments the the located site of damage where Cas 9 can cleave the area with great specificity( CDC.gov ,2019) There are two DNA repair types , the first is Non Homologous end joining and the second repair type is Homology Directed Repair which utilizes Codone Manipulation . PBSS or Prescription Behavior Surveillance   is an excellent way of prevention deaths from opioid overdose , but one must also take into consideration heredity in disease manifestation  , phenotype development and in gene expression ( CDC.gov,2019) .  The clinical application of Gene Editing are currently being applied to plant DNA and to research involving Crops , but the same  molecular mechanisms of action may soon be applied to health care practice . When addressing critical issues in Public Health it is best to offer the consumer a wide variety of solutions for any given problem (NASH ,2019)


References

Nash , J 2019) Game Theory . Retrieved from http://www. Columbia.edu

CDC (2019) Drug Overdose . Centers for Disease Control Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/drigoverdose/pdf/pdssReports-072017.pdf

Genetic Alliance (2019) CRISPR CAS 9 . Retrieved from http;//www.geneticalliance  .org.uk

NAP(2019) Pathways in Addiction . National Academies Press

     

Communicable Vs Non Communicable Disease : What are the Characteristics and Exposure Types

Poor environmental quality has its greatest impact on people whose  health status  is already at risk . In the year 2016 ; 1 in 2  U.S children and 1 in 2 U.S adults suffered from Asthma ( Healthy People 2020, 2018) . Asthma is an example of a Non communicable disease ,some of the other existing Non communicable diseases are as follows (1) Diabetis (2) Asthma (3) Cardiovascular Disease , and (4) COPD .  When these diseases are not well managed they can become Chronic disease and have a detrimental financial burden on the U.S economy .  The World Economic Forum estimates that future NCDs growth trends could cost the Global Economy 47 Trillion in cumulative losses through 2030 (Centers for Disease Control, 2018) . Still the characteristics of Communicable disease are very different and distinct then that of NCDs . One example is the Communicable disease Cholera . Cholera is a disease spread by drinking water and or consuming foods contaminated with the cholera bacteria .Sever cholera is characterized by large amounts of watery diarrhea, often described  as rice water stool because it can have a pale milky appearance ; it can also be accompanied by nausea and vomiting if untreated while NCDs are characterized by possessing genetic traits and develop over time, as well as nutritional states  rather than bacterial exposure  .. Role of NCD prevention and Control in Global Health Security state that by the year 2030 most of the worlds disease will be attributed to NCD while this means that communicable disease will see a decrease Chronic Health issues will be prevalent and costly to treat ( CDC.gov 2018). Exposure , nutrition and Sanitation have a major role in the prevention of Communicable disease . When contrasted with NCD we can assert that repeated exposure are an overarching problem in the management and treatment of NCDs . To date over 400,000 cases of cholera have been reported in such countries as Yemen and over 2,000 deaths reported since 2017  Factors that can be implemented in public health and International Public Health are Monitoring Life Styles , Building environments that support health and reducing exposure .

References
CDC(2018) Emerging Infectious Disease vol 23 . Centers for Disease Control Atlanta .

Healthy People 2020 (2018) Environmental Quality . Retrieved from http: //www.healthypeople.gov/2020/leading-health-indicators/2020-Ihi-topics/Environmental -Quality  .   

Revisiting The Octet Rule

The Octet Rule refers to the tendency of Atoms to prefer to have eight electrons in the Valence  Shell. When Atoms have fewer then eight electrons they tend to react and form more stable compounds ; when discussing the Octet Rule we do not consider D or F  electrons  . Only the S and P electrons are involved in the Octet Rule making it useful for main group electrons (elements not in transition -metal or inner transition metals block an Octet in these atoms correspond to an electron configuration ending with 82p6. Octet Rule characteristic are a stable arraignment which can also be corresponded by its own electrons and some electrons which are shared , thus an atom continues to form Bonds until an Octet of electrons is made .

An Example of this Rule .

The fulfillment of this rule can be observed in unstable electrons ; such as an electron constructed of 7 Valence, and another electron which also has 7 valence  . I they each shared the seventh electron co -valence would allow the fulfillment of the Octet Rule making them both stable .




F-OO-OO-OO-O
CI-OO-OO-OO-O
Notice that the last electron when shared by the atoms Chlorine and Florine produce the Octet Rule ; of course these electrons must surround both atoms to be appreciated nun the less stability is achieved through co-convalescence.of the seventh electron shared .

References
http://surfguppy.com/bonds/energy/octet-rule-electron-configuration/
       

New Dietary Guild lines and the Perfect Diet for Compliance A Prevention in Public Health .

One of the Governments most important responsibilities is to protect the health of the American Public ; today about half of all Americans adults about 117 million people have one or more preventable chronic disease (ODPHP ,2018). Many of these chronic diseases can be attributed to poor eating habits and physical inactivity.  In 2008 the medical costs linked to obesity were estimated  to be 147 billion and in 2002 the total estimated cost of diagnosed diabetes was 245 billion including 176 billion in direct medical costs and 69 billion in decreased productivity . This issue has also been brought forth by the CDC and also by healthy people as well as Alzheimer's researchers , but most importantly by the folks at Rural Health and Vitality Institute ; why is this important ? because these folks analyze and observe health from an individual and community perspective and identify the factors within your own region and environment that might hinder health and well being . The new edition of the dietary Guidelines 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans is based on Scientific Evidence on nutrition and health informed by this report and by consideration of public and Federal Agency comments . The guidelines are as follows :

1-  Follow a healthy eating pattern across the lifespan  .
2-Focus on variety , nutrient density and amount of food consumed
3-Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats
4-Shift to healthier food and beverages

The Mediterranean Diet has been proven to address  dietary needs related to many chronic diseases . It must be reiterated that for the past 26 years half of all adult population in the United States is over weight or obese (ODPHP,2018) is is very troubling to most Governmental agencies in public health ; in fact obesity is most prevalent in those ages 40 and older , in African Americans and of least prevalence in higher income population . Another fact that can be derived from the new guidelines is that abdominal obesity has been prevalent in about half of all U.S adults of all ages .In 2012 65% of all females and 73% of all Males were overweight ; and in 2009 to 2012 nearly one in three youths ages 2 to 19 were overweight . The Mediterranean diet consists of eating whole grain foods , vegetables and nuts . Another portion of the Mediterranean diet is olive oil and or sunflower oil . This eating pattern will reduce fat in the following ways it will it will counteract against building visceral fact which is abdominal fat and work to increase  its use as energy ; visceral fat is fat that leads to heart disease , Alzheimer disease and many other chronic illnesses .

References
ODPHP (2018) Healthy People 2020 . 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans       Retrieved from http"//www. healthy people .gov/2000/tools-resources/evidence-based-resources/2015-2020-dietary-guild lines-for-american

Mayo Clinic(2018) Mediterranean Diet "A  Heart Healthy Eating Plan . Retrieved from http://www. mayo clinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition -and healthy-eating in depth/Mediterranean Diet/art- 20047801