In the year 2014 the United States was rocked by several large data breaches ; when we appraise data breaches we take into consideration intent , motivation , target , and typology , Previously consumers rarely thought about the security on their credit or debit card ; but all that changed when Target stores reported that 400 million debit and credit card numbers had been stolen during the holiday shopping time in 2014 . This incident both rocked the United States and was a catalyst for cyber crimes analysis . In January of the year 2013 Neiman Marcus was hacked resulting in the breach of consumer information credit and debit card information ; this hack lasted until October of 2013 and was notably affected in store consumer purchase and not in online purchases .Originally the store estimated that at least 1.1 mullion cardholders were affected (Harde,K 2014) . In august of the year 2015 Community Health Systems reported that 4.5 million patient data had been hacked ina cyber attack that resulted in the breach of social security data , patient Identification , and other related data . CHS reported that this breach may have been unforeseen for up to five years .in filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission the Company said no credit card numbers were exposed (Forbes .com, 2016) . In another data breach incident involving E bay 145 million users were compromised from data breaches and yet in another incident Equifax was also compromised when they lost consumers social security data , birth dates , and addresses to a hacking incident including drivers license data of more than 145 million consumers of these 209,000 credit card data were exposed (Forbes.com, 2015) . Fortune Magazine also reported that one of the biggest data thefts had taken place in a health corporation )Anthem) were the results of a nation wide investigation demonstrated that 78.8 million patients data had been exposed to hacking resulting in the data breach of the Century ; costing the health care company over 100 million dollars in governmental fines . This was a very big issue to those of use constructing Nursing Software , regulating Nurse vocabulary and compiling IT health care net works that both met the challenges of the recently implemented CMS HIT or Centers for Medicaid Health Information (EMR) System and New ICD 9 EMR at the time it seemed as though we were in a constant do over . Today reports from the Pokemon Institute are as follows : IBM Security , Hewlett Packard Security and Voltage have managed to lower the breach in financial and health data by implementing data systems that meet current challenges to data security and cyber attacks . The way in which this was accomplished were by performing a thorough transnational study entitled : The 2017 cost of data breach study global overview in this study the cohort consisted of 419 companies researched for data breach and the participatory interventions resulted in a decrease from 4.00 to 3.62 million the average cost for each lost or stolen record containing sensitive and confidential information . In the year 2016 there was also a decrease from 158 tp 141 million in expenditures of data breach interventions (Ponemon ,2018) Despite the decrease in cost for data loss there still remains an increase of 1.8% in data breaches . Public Health concerns in data breaches and cyber attack surveillance and prevention are guided towards securing Utilities Grid performance , Safety and in Administrative accountability ( Shi & Johnson,2017) combining public health systems and engineering to secure public health .
References
Forbes(2018) Money Builder . Retrieved from http://www. forbes .com /sites /money builder/2015/01/13 the-big -data -breaches -of2014/4/001eed1efe6
CSD (2018)The 17 biggest data breaches of the 21st century.Retrieved from http://www.csd online.com/watch?v=wllpg2RK1vc
Ponemon (2018)2017 Cost of Data Breach Study Global Overview . IBM Securities for the Ponemon Institute
Shi, L & Johnson, J.A(2016) Novick & Morrows Public Health Administration .Principles for Population Based Management . Bartlett Jones Publishing
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