This week a viral epidemic were reported in stemming from the region of Congo Africa and Monrovia . While this is the 10th or so outbreak of Ebola Virus l the exposure mechanism are a question of debate among Africans ; all the while there have been 14 deaths reported and they even have a rap song dedicated to the virus . Make no mistake this is a deadly virus although it is not actively placed in the United States Department of Defense list of Biological Weapons , this is probably because the virus is contained with a vaccine ( Tierno,2002) The role of immune mechanism in the pathogenesis of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever (EHF) remains to be elucidated . In Villinger et al paper re guarding Cytokine levels of patients who died of EHF virus as compared to controls and recovered patients a marked elevation of INF level > 100 pg/ml was observed in sequential serum samples from all fatal EHF cases compared to controls and recovered patients (Villinger et al ,2002). Markedly elevated serum levels of interleukin (IL-2) ,IL-10 tumor necrosis factor INF -a and IFN -a were also noted in fatal EHF cases , however these had a high level of variability. The overarching difference in the infected cases from the controls and recovered patients were the variability in Interleukin ,mRNA quantification and in immune activation . Why is this variability significant ? , because the fatal cases demonstrated a higher variability ? perhaps . A second glance at immune response in Ebola cases can be appraised in David Urdals paper stemming from the observation of Interleukin 2 1984 were the author and researcher cites a similar immune response when he compared fatal cases from unaffected cases . In his patent paper he writes the following : [ the success of many normal immune response require the participation of T Cells. The proliferation of T Cells to sufficiently large numbers to enable them to assume an effective role in immune responses is controlled by the presence of the polypeptide growth hormone interleukin 2 acts on T Cells must express this receptor .
Analysis
As stated in the thesis statement new Ebola cases have been reported in Congo and Liberia in the past week where at least 14 people have succumb to the infection . The overarching reason for infection as cited by Doctors without borders is the consumption of bush meat , this is being denied by the population because the agent has not been tracked to markets , how ever when we analyze the exposure type and the incubation period along with the disease development we can confidently estimate that the likely focus for infection is probably bush meat being consumed by the population . Bush meat are animals usually found in forests , such as monkeys , antelopes and bush dogs .polypeptides are amino acid chains formed in tissue . These are directly formed from the consumption of meat , further host - agent response elicits immune response from Interleukin 2 which activate T Cells and cytokine level elevation occur when the immune system is responding to infection by way of oesinophiles and eosinophils ; but the biggest evidence that the population has been infected from bush meat consumption is Cox 1 and Cox 2 which are immune responses that stem from prostaglandin activation . Prostaglandin response are associated from polypeptide and polypeptide are amino acid chains that form from meat consumption . This a perfect time to intervene in epidemic control and to re think commodity trade that are effective ,prevent the spread of infection and disease and are bilateral beneficial.
References
Tierno,P.H (2002) The Secret Life of Germs .Pocket Books New York USA
Villinger, F ; Rollin,P.E;Bovar, S.S; Chikkala, N.F ; Winter, J ; Spristrom, J.S; Zaki,S.R ; Swanipole,A.A; & Clearence , J.F (1999) Markedly Elevated Levels of Interferon (INF-y ) IFN -a ,Interleukin (IL-2) ,IL-10 , and Tumor Necrosis Factor -a Associated with Fatal Ebola Virus Infection. The Journal of Infectious Disease .
No comments:
Post a Comment