The Role of Whole Genome Sequencing in Community Aquired Infectious Disease and (MRSA)

(MRSA ) or what is often referred to as Methecillin Resistant Stapholococcus is an important cause of nosocomial infection world wide (CDC.gov,2017) and although often encountered in hospital settings and clinical settings these Medication resistant infectious strains also develop in community settings and often mimic hospital aquired infections . One such example of what a community aquired infections is pneumonia and or Influenza ; while a nosocomial or hospiital aquired infection can be for example Klebsella , pneumonia or even influenza  under the right circumstances and setting . Recent studies suggest that the epidemiology of MRSA may be changing as the isolation of MRSA is no longer limited to hospitalized patients or persons with predisposing risk factors such as primary disease , chronic ailments or poor nutrition. New projects using high throughput whole genome sequencing is beginning to elucidate MRSA revealing how bacteria tend to spread among patient and to continents (Harmon ,K 2000). Scientists would typically sample DNA sequence in six or seven genes across the whole MRSA genome (which contains some 3,000 genes ) . Subtle genetics changes  would often go undetected . More rapid whole genome sequencing however; enables researcher to see very descrete differences that occur on the lvel of single nucleotide changes . Why are these subtle changes so important and what do they mean for scientists , epidemiologists and the medical community as a whole ? . Well several years ago in the year 2012 mutations in infectious disease such as Pediculosis or whatis also known as the infamous Lice began mutating ; which became a stupifying problem for parents , teachers , school officials and the scientific and medical community because customary treatments for combating pediculosis where not therapeutic . Like wise subtle  genetic differences in staph infections (MRSA ) and other viruses , caused by  genetic mutations can cause a problem in treatment ,  or even death in frail adults , in immune compramised adults and  suseptable children because of immature immune system ;or in the very elderly.  One over arching differnce to not are that HAI and CAI develop in different settings Hospital Aquired infections are usually of a bacterial nature , and CAI or Community Aquired Infections are usually viruses such as Influenza .

References

CDC(2017) Emerging Infectious Disease . Retrived from http: ..www.cdc.gov

Harmon. K (2000) Sequencing Staph : New Genetic Analysis Tracks MRSA Mutations . Scientific America