Reliable Cancer Diagnosis Specificity and Sensitivity . How Important is it ?

Natural Killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes found in periferal blood that plays a role in host defense and immune regulation .  killer T Cells are the circulatory systems defense mechanism in protecting itself from virus , cocci , and protozoans that invade the circulatory system and colonize to develop infections that cause disease . What happens to these specialized cells when the organism or human body are faced with a disease trajectory such as a cancer diagnosis?.  Especially when NK cells are shown to be associated with an improved prognosis in several cancer such as colorectal cancer ; non  small cell lung cancer and clear cell renal cell carcinoma . Immune modulating cancer medications often used for the treatment of cancer can have a significant impact on the survival of these specialized cells because when practioners decide to administer an  anticancer medication to treat nodule formation concidering that not only do these medications eliminate nodule and neoplasm formation through apoptosis and cell membrane destruction ; but also surrounding cells such as NK cells , hemoglobin , and macrophages . These are a part of the organisms natural defence that include leukocytes as well . Why is choosing correct diagnostic equipment so important in determining treatment outcomes ?  Lets look closer . A growing amount of data has shown that cells cultured in laboratory settings directly impact diagnosis because cell matrix   communication , polarity and in vivo testing ; particularly when using equipment that contain 3 Dimentional  visualization ,define how cells behave , what immune therapeutics are needed to treat this particular nodule or neoplasm  what approach to use . On the other hand testing using 2 Dimentional laboratory equipment does not fully define cell  communication , polarity and or in vivo visualization as precisly as 3 Dimentional

equipment this increases sensitivity and test specificity which influence treatment choice and outcomes.



References

Larson, B Lubna , A & Shroeder, J (2017) Validation Cytotoxicity Assay .3 D Natural Killer Cell Mediated . Lonza Walkersville Inc . Bio Tek 

Population Health Disparities from a Population Perspective

The National Institute of Health sponsored Centers for population health and health disparities are the first federal initiatives to support trans disciplinary multilevel research on the determinants of health(NAP,2017).  The determinants were first created as a model for determining factors that affect a persons health , the model conceders environmental , and institutional factors surrounding the environment that interrelate  in a distal and proximal fashion which may also affect health on a long term and short term bases.  A renewed concern with social factors has emerged in global public health , spearheaded by the World Health Organization Commission on social determinants of health. The coming decade may see significant changes in global health and should draw lessons from the past . The Commission  on social determinants of health can acquire political support by establishing collaborative relationships with policy makers in partner countries . This type of collaborative relationship can be produced through transnational research to modernize  determinants of health  across the globe and integrate genetic factors that play a significant role in phenotype development  providing a brood perspective in   distal and proximal determinants to restore environmental health , provide precision medicine , and to implement socioeconomic policies that address critical health issues ; such as (1) diabetes epidemic , opioid abuse epidemic , injuries , and work force health .  The current model being used can be found in this contribution highlighted by factor s that in this professionals onion might benefit from a bit of codification.


Determinants of Health


References

Irwin ,A & Sculi, B (2007) Action on the social determinants of health :A Historical perspective .Pub Med  Retrieved from http://www.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19283626

Nanotechnology and Respiratory Health

What is Nanotechnology? Nanotechnology is the science related to all small things.Particularly rgose measuring less than 100 mm in size (NNIN,2017). One manometer is 10-9 meters or about 3 atoms long. Materials or elements in small dimensions  , small particles and  thin films that can have a significant effect and poses different properties than that of larger elements ; and materials.

When these differences are well comprehended we can learn about the assembly , control and  its composition and the order of  these properties to comprise materials ;   proceses , and patterns that better serve populations and increase quality of life .

Particulate matter for example are measured in PMs of 10 , 15 , and 25 with 25 being the largest . Nano technology can assist social and behavioral scientist in assessing the behavioral response of asthma sufferers by observing behavior that are manifested during an exacerbation . These usually can be correlated with measuring particulate matter to distinguish appropriate behavior and implement prevention and decrease disease burden.

In addition nanotechnology can assist  scientists in determining shelf life of medications , cosmetics , aerosoles and many other elements related to the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals .This has great significance to such disiplines as STEAM education and Public Health  because we can use nanotechnology for intance to evaluate catalytic combustion in forest fires to examine the conditions that enable these natural disasters and reduce risk to human life and secure assets and lively hood.

References

NINN (2017) What is Nanotechnology . Rertieved from http://www.nnin.org/news-events/spotlight