Adolescents and Child Development : Holistic Care Perspectives

 In todays world adolescents find very few mentors and persons  of  guidance that will aid them  into transition  of young adulthood . Holistic care can serve to ameleortate  physical and mental pain during adolesents development . We cannot deny that teenagers are faced with many challenges in family dinamics and in there immediate environment as well as in the educational setting ; navigating through these challenges in an appropriate and sucsessfull manner can make the difference with regards to becoming an asset to society (Cruz L ,2021 ).  Holistic care can take many forms , often when we mention holistic care in Nursing and in allied health we automatically think of supplemental medicine, and yes thats true, but holictic care  can also be viewed in the perspective of supplimental care that can allow for the successful transition into  young adulthood for many adolesents . 

Staitistics in Adolesent Development   

13 % of the global burdon of disease are found in children between the ages of 15-17 this burdon of disease is directly related to suicide ideation . Suicide is the 4th leading cause of death in adolesents  .50 % of adolesents living on wellfare meet the requirments for  mental illness intervention  ( 2021 Youth Mental Health Disparities Conference NI H , 2021). Covid 19 has exascerbated Child abuse particularly in adolescents in an increase of caese by 34.95% in this past year (American Acedemy of Pediatrics  2021)  . The most often area of trauma caused to adolescents in child abuse cases are in the head and legs  two anatomical structures that are of extreme inportance for successfull transition into adulthood . Youth homelessnes has risen in LQBTQ adolesents .Most teens share the religion of their parents (Stuckler, D & Basmu,S 2021) .  Among children ages 5 and older the number of child abuse victims has tripled to 103% up from an avarage of 36% before the covid 19 pandemic (US News.com2021) .and 9% of all American children are diagnosed with ADHD , many African American teens diagnosed with ADHD commit suicide . 

Jean Piagets  Formal Operational Developmemnatl Stage Characteristics 

From about the age of 12 years old children can  follow the form odf a logical argument without reference to its context . During this time peaople develop the ability to think about absrtact concepts and logically test hypothesis(SimplePsychology.com 2021 ). In this developmenatl stage children think scientifically and logically and form hypothesis about their environments and also form theories to problem silve , in this stage they form ethical conduct  and  morality .

Perspectives in Suplemental care to transition into adulthood 

Recent studies demonstrate that many adolescents abandon vists to church and religious and spiritual gatherings at the age of 13 years (MDI 2021) . Often because they feel that their needs are not being addressed . This I find disturbing as a clinician because by all accounts as stated above in the Formal operational stage in Jean Piagets  Child Developmenat theory at this presise age is where children form ethical and moral behavior . If they abandon church and spiritual and religios gatherings how can they form these important developmenatal tasks to transition into adulthood successfully ? Children need spiritual health to build resiliency that allows them to navigate painlessly into young adulthood . Religious and spiritual health can serve as an elixer in society especially in adolescents . 

References

Retrieved from http://www.SimplePsycholgy .com/piaget.htmlSimplePsycholgy.

(NIH) 2021 Youth Mental Health Disparities Conference . National Institute of Health .Retrieved from http://www.nichd.nih.gov/strive.

Bradley ,J (2017) Understanding the differnt forms of child neglect .Rtreaved from http://www.highspeedtraining.co.uk/hub/forms-of-child-neglect/

Stuckler,D & Basu, S(2021) What is Emotional Neglect? Retreaved from http://www.ncbi.nlhn.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3678996

American Academy of Pediatrics (2021) Child Abuse Rose During Covid Pandemic . Retrieved from http://www.US News.com /news/health-news/articles/2021 Oct 8th/2021 

Marynoll (2021) Caminando con Jesus Hoy . Misioneros . Retrieved from Revista de los Padres y Hermanos Marynoll . Sep /Oct 2020 Issue . 

 

  

Seasonal Affective Disorder . Detecting differences between Covid grievence, SAD, and the Holiday Blues .

 Research related to SAD or Seasonal Affective Disorder has been on the frontlines of mental health research for the past 30 years . Divers research methods implemented throughout these 30 years has lead to the creation of assestment tools that are important ot diagnose seasonal affective disorder and differentiate the disorder from other depressive disorders (Partonen, T 2021) . One such assestment and diagnostic instrument is the SPAQ and the PIDS tool . The SPAQ tool was designed to assess symptoms of seasonal affective disorder related to the four seasons and designates the over lay of symptoms that may be carried from one season to the other . The PIDS is an assestment instrument that diagnoses seasonal affective disorder clinically . We will utilize PIDS in the  essay to contrast the presence of clinical symptoms related to seasonal affective disorder , depression related to bereavment , and Depression related to the Holiday blues which is related to melancholia . The four part screening tool for provisional identification of patients with seasonal affective disorder is endorced by thwe DSM and parallels its criteria with PIDS . 

Signs and Symptoms of SAD or seasonal affective disorder :

1-Trouble falling asleep or staying asleep 2- Feeling tired 3- Trouble concentrating 4-Overeating 5-  Change in social activity 6- Mood Swings 7- Cravings .

The losses associated with covid pandemic are profound . The very term grief  describes emotional , cognitive funtioning and behavioral responses to a loss . When one experiences the loss of a loved one clinitians concider this a life crisis (Psychiatric Times 2021) . Bereavment is a universal phenominon meaning that every one in every country will repond the same to the loss of a loved one . One of the problems with this phenominon is Proloned Grief Disorder which merits the attention of Mental Health Professional PGD may be the cause of the Holiday blues and feeling of melancholia . 

Signs and Symptoms of Grief and Bereavment 

1-    Persistant longing 2-Emotional Pain 3- Blame 4- Emotional Numbness  5-Denial 6-Guilt 7-Anger  8-Sadness .

Meanwhile MDD  a mood disorder not related to grief may be precipitated or exacerbated by meaningful losses including bereavment , particularly during the pandemic and the holidays in people experiencing both actual bereavment and or melancholia during the holidays . MDD is Major depressive disorder that can be brought upon by prolonged grief and or melancholia . The difference in seasonal affective disorder are clinical , these are 1- waight gain 2- craving particular foods 3- Trouble falling asleep or staying asleep  by contrast these  symptoms are absent in clinically diagnosing PGD and MDD  which may lead to Suicidal Ideation .

References 

 Partonen, T & Pandi-Perumal , S.R   (2021) Seasonal Affective Disorder ; Practice and Research .  Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Service.NIH Oxford Press

Clark,A ; Iglewicz , A & Zisook, S(2021) Bereavment and Depression . Psychiatric Times . Retrieved from http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/bereavment -and-depression. 

Statistics Affecting Homlessness Risk Appraisal

 Behaivior is how we act . Although we all act or behave differently ; sometimes an individual will exhibit behavior that is unacceptable or intolerable(National Safety Council ,2021). Becoming homeless is a crisis . So how can behavior contrivute to the formation of a crisi ? . In this piece we will evaluate just that . Abnormal behavior may be due to a psysiological condition such as illness or to a physical condition . In behaviroal emergencies serveral factors can change a persons behavior : factors may include situational stressors , medical illness , psychiatric problems , alcohol consumption or drug use . 

The following are common reasons for behavior change .

1-Low blood sugar 2- Lack of O2 3- Inadequate blood flow 4-Psychogenic illness 5- Excessive cold 6- Excessive heat .

The events stated above are common causes that may  contribute to behavior change . These are not the normal behavior changes that may contribute to homelessness but are behavioral emergencies . So how does behavior emergencies contribute to homelessness . 

Factors that influence homelessness with regards to behavior and conduct include the following 

1- Emotional injury 2- Aggressive , hostile , and violent behavior  3- Sexual assault 4- Child abuse and neglect 5- Elder abuse  6- Depression . 

In evaluating the data from the paper released in the year 2020 entitled "The State of Homelessness " when compared to behavioral emergencies cited by The National Safety Council and the above mentioned paper we can conclude that both list of items are infact" Behavioral Emergencies" . The difference is that the first list of items are psysical and the second list of items are psycosocial .  

Statistical Data

In January 2020 there were 580,466 people experiencing hoelessness in America. In evaluating the statistical data it was observed that significant variations exist among subgroups which include the following .

Counts and rates by race 

1-White -280,612 2-Blacks -228,796 3- Hispanic -130,348 4-Multiracial- 35,680

Counts and rates by gender 

Males -352,211

Females -223,578

Transgender-3,161

Incredibly 460 did not disclose a gender in particular ?

Native Americans and Pacific Islanders have the highest rates of hoemlessness and 19% of this entire cohort are chronically homeless.  The gay community has low rates of homelessness and Hispanics as well . White americans have the highest rates of homelessness .

So why do we evalaute this data and what does it mean ? . With regards to causality we can assert that behavioral emergencies in psychosocial development aqre a great cause for hoelessness as opposed to ones ability to pay a rent .  This data analysis is important because it permits the opening for the implementation of behavior modification particularly to identify at risk individuals for hoelessness . As a clinician i would correlate behavioral emergencies as co contributers of homelessness when i recieve these patients in office .  In addition another looming behavior emergency that may contribute to homelessness is obesity which has tripled since the year 2015 . This is concerning because in order to work the person must be healthy and if the individual cant work because he or she is morbedly obease or markedly overweight then he cant make rent .

References 

The National Safety Council (2021) First Aid and CPR . 3rd Ed Bartlett Jones Publishing USA 

National Alliance to End Homelessness (2021) State of Homelessness 2020 . Retrieved from http://www.endhomelessness.org

Suicide in Nurse Personnel . Causes and Findings in Behavioral Health .

 Females nurses are twice as likely to die by suicide than the general population and 70% more likely than female physicians ( Davis et al 2021) .In a cohort study using data collected  form the year 2007 to 2018 that included 2,374 nurses  and 857 physicians  as well as  156,141 individuals in the general population (aged equivalent to 30 years )  demonstrated a suicide incidence rate per 100,000 persons form the year 2007-2018. Among  the cohort were 17.1 % nurses and 10.1 for physicians and 8.6 of women from the general population  ( JAMA, 2021).   For male nurses and physicians were the following data  in the cohort : incidence ratie of 100.000 form the year 2007-2018 31.1 % of male nurses and 31.5% of physicans  , suicide ates for the general population were 32.6 % ( JAMA,2021). 

Findings - Suicide risk for nurses were significantly increased for nuses but not for physicians when compared to the general population. Researcher commentary " The takeaway from the study suggests that the focus were on physians welfare and nurse welfare are ignored as a workforce . There are about three million nurses in the United States of which 85% are female . When we do the math of these 85% of existant female nurses  the risk of suicide are 82% of there total . This is alarming and can be concidered an occupational Health and Safety crisis. The analyzed mortality rate data from the CDC stemming from the year 2007 to 2018 identifyed 2,374 suicides among nurses and 857 suicides among Physicians , as well as 156,141 within the general population .

The study illustrated that the need for high quality health and recreation programs must be implemented into the nurse field of nursing and that we have to re think the disipline . Nurse workforce however are not the only disipline to demonstarte these behavioral issues , another workforce that have demonstarted these types of behavior risks in the past are Fire Fighters  so what are some of the causes ?  

Causes for suicide ideation 

  1- Less autonomy in there work 2- Pandemic 3- Chld care 4-Shift work 5- Personal relationships 6- Reduced staffing .

Nurses are 20 to 30 more likely to be depressed than the general public and half of all suicide among nurses are from self inflicted gun shot . Overdose is more common and pathological evaluation reveled that both physicans and nurses alike had opiotes , benzodiazapines and barbiturates in there system upon the performance of pathological study.  

Greater need for behavioral health awareness among health care professionals is recommended because the most common reasons for behavior change are : a) low blood sugar b) lack of oxygene c) inadequate blood flow to the brain d) head trauma e) mind altering substances f) psychogeneic illness g) excessive cold h) excessive heat . So it is also recommeded that further research and analysis be performed and mear performance appraisals are not cutting it. 

References

Davis, M.A ; Benjamine,A.Y ; Cher , Friese, C.R (2021) Association of US Nurse and Phjysican Occupation with Risk of Suicide . Journal of Medicine JAMA. USA 

NSC (2021) First Aid and CPR . National Safety Council 3rd ed pg 395 (Behavioral Emergencies ) .

 

Revisiting Suicidal Ideation . Where we Stand.

 In  the  year 2020 new interventions with reghards to Suicide Assistance in the United States was established with the implementation and publication of emergency Hot Line ( 988) to address Psychosocial and Behavioral crisis emergencies . The new Hotline three digit number  was published and implemenmted into Public Health  to shorten the length of time it takes for a person with Suicidal Ideation  to  recieve assistance and salvage there lives .  Recently , however new statistics related to suicide ideation and suicide rates  among certain clusters are bothj concerning and quit frankly paradoxical ; perticularly when new Hotline numbers had been implemented in the year 2020 . 

Paradoxical because of the setting and population being identified in this Public Health Blogger . In a serial cross sectional analysis oerformed usingt a sample of 595,237 childbearing individuals one year prematernal and one year post maternal evaluation demonstrated an increase4 in suicide ideation from 0.1% in the year 2006 to 0.5% in the year 2017 . When the study began in the year 2006 there was a cohort of 2,700 persons identified as being pre or post maternal high risk whom demonstrated suicidal ideation ; by the year 2017 there were over 595,237 identified ( Admond et al , 2021) diagnosis of suicidality with co morbid bipolar or psychotic disorders increased from 6.9% per 100 individuals in 2007 to 16.9% per 100 individuals in 2017 . This increase wer found in non- hipanics, black individuals , low income individuals,  and younger individuials .  

There has also been an increase in suicidal ideation among women between the age of 21- 35  and suicide is now increasing among antipartum and post partum females . This is a parodox because at this developmental stage in the females life she is in ReProductive stage not the Extinction of the ReProducer..

Public Health Intervention 

It is obviouse that further public health interventions are necessary to prevent further increase of suicide and suicide ideation among reproductive age females . 988 was not appropriately marketed in thye Unitede States . It is still a viabloe avenue to channel this type of situiation . I propose implementing commercials and providing a preventative marketing ccampaign in the particular settings related to this age group such as Colleges , Transportation , and WIC programs .

References 

Admond,L.K: Dalton,V.K: Kolenic, G.B (2021) Trends in Suicidalioty One Year Befor and After Birth Among Commercially Insured Childbearing Individuals in the United States , 2006-2017. JAMA .

CDC (2021) Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System . Centers for Disease Contyrol .

The Interplay of Hate Crimes and There Effect on Health.

 New York , May 12, 2020. The American Jewish community experienced the highest level of antisemetic incidents since tracking began in 1979 with more than 2,100 acts of assault , vandalism and harrassment . (Anti Defamation League ,2019) . The ADL reports that this is an increase of over 56 %. In a time when many Jewish communities acrosse the country had direct encounters with hate said Jonathan Greenblatt , ADL CEO . This contributed to a rising climate of anxiaty and fear in our communities . Among some of the statistics involved in antisemitic crimes are the following ; ADL  Centers for Etreamism identified  234 incidents targeting Jewish Synagogues and Community Centers in 2019 . This includes a shooting in a Chabad Center in Poway California which killed one worshiper a 60 year old woman and injuring a Rabbi .Some of the major findings from the year 2009 as  per the Antidefamation League  who counted a total of 2,107 antisemetytic incidents across the US  a 12 % increase from 1,879 incidents recorded in 2008  

Three Major Indidents involved in Hate Crimes

1- Harrassment -1,127 for an increase of 6% in 2018 

2- Vandalism - 919 from 746 for an increase of 19% 

3- Assault - 60 incidents for an increase of 56%  .

There where incidents reported in almost every state including Alaska and Hawaii. The state with the highest numbers of incidents were New York with 430 incidents , New Jersey with 345 incidents , California with 330 , Masshachusetts  with 114 and Pennsylvania with 109 incidents ; combined these states account for nearly 45% of the total number of antisemetic Crimes (HEAT MAP ADL .org 2021). Over the last two decades the UNited States has suffered over Ten Thousand religion motivated hate crimes (Feinburg,A  Cambridge Press ) . As a clinician I have evaluated the topic from many angles and several hypothesis have been raised including the identification of motivation and usual actors . Infact authors Wolfgang Frindt and Susan Wettig state in there published paper entitled Old  and New Anti Semetic Attitudes indentify variations in minority targeting . These also vary from state to state as well as world view and motivation leading to believe that new anglees of appraisal in the topic should be observed . The Role of Faith in Health care is important to overcome disease and rehabilitate oneself .  5% of peopple who visit the Emergwecy Room do so because of Spirituaql Distress . It is important for Clinicians to identify victims of hate and torture because these may be identified during physical exam and the patient may still suffer from emotional distress in addition the emotion of hate may be diagnosed using MRI  scans  and appropriate referals  made to Mental Health Professionals for the Victimizer and the victim whom may afflicted with theis type of emotion as a result of victimization . 

References 

Retrived from www.Rn.org  (2021) The Role of Faith in Health Care .

Feinburg,A (2019) Perspectives in Politics . Cambridge Press USA  

Robsom D(2021) Hate Circuit Discovered in Brain . New Scientist USA 

Retreaved from www.HEAT MAP .adl.org

Retrieved from www.adl.org Hate , Extreamism, ,Antisemetism , Terrorism. AntiDEfamation League . USA   

What is Positive Psychology ?

 The origin of Positive Psychology is traced back to Abraham Maslow when the Psychologist published the book entitled Motivation and Personality in 1954. The Founders of Positive Psychology recognized that traditional Psychology was mostly Weakness Oriented ( Snyder et al, 2014) . The fields work includes three levels of research which are    1) the Subjective level , 2) the Individual level and 3)  the Group level .   The postulates of Positive Psychology are many and' research performed using the concepts has demonstrated effective outcomes for many research projects . 

Here we will discuss PERMA theory and its concepts  which was developed by Martin Seligman . Martin Seligman became President of (APA) American Psychological Association enabling him to pioneer the new field of Positive Psychology in 1971 . There are many theories found with in the field of Positive Psychology itself , however PERMA theory still remains an effective tool in capacity building . PERMA construct of Well being can be attained through the PERMA pathways . 

P- Positive Emotions E-Engagement R-Relationships M-Meaning A-Accomplishment   

As the science disseminates there are some issues that arise by virtue of the fields immaturity while the breadth of research undertaken is substantial (Rusk & Waters , 2013) there is tension between the depth of research and the desire for real world application . The postulates in this instance can be applied to enhance teamwork . Positive Emotions can aid in defusing stress related to teamwork dynamics ; moreover Positive Emotions  reduce anxiety and are necessary to engage   in teamwork oriented tasks and production as well as successful achievement of said tasks  . Engagement theme can be applied to individuals by allowing participation in activities and by evaluating post activity performance .Positive Relationships can be developed through the application of Engagement theme. Meaning application through the application of postulates mention previously  and Accomplishment is produced with the application of work activities where the PERMA theory has been applied and graded.

References

Maslow , A (1956) Motivation and Personality . Harper & Row New York NY 

Retrieved From http://www.Cambridge .org Carebooks 

    

  

Echo Psychology Responding to Biophsycosocial Behavior : Its not too Late.

As stated in previous pieces related to echo psychology and armed with a new  healthcare  framework related to the topic ,coming to terms with the fact that social and health determinants of health need tp be updated particularly post Covid 19 pandemic this small illustration of  how the framework can be applied to real  Biophycosocial problems using nudges  as  motivational insight is in itself a nudge
 ( echopsychology.info .com 2020) The framewrk consists of the self in lifestyle ,the self in community , and the self in environment .This introduction to the framework provides insight for starting a conversation about health and what your own perception of health really is .

To understand the framework  its important to understand the definition of terms as well as knowing that the framework is an open one with bi directional daisy chains  this type of arrangement serves  for the attainment of scientific validity and organization of thought .  An example of utilizing a  nudge might be as simple as suggesting the use of Acerola as a remedy for  a cold or as an alternative to oranges . Why this nudge ? because when scarcity of sources to vitamin C become a problem ,particularly when the  objective is in the self and its protection  : using a nudge  such as Acerola becomes an important  factor in immunity to disease .

Acerola  are the best source of vitamin C in the planet . It is found in tropical climate such as Puerto Rico and Florida . Acerola are similar to the Cherry and  are sour and  lip smackjingly delicious. One single  Acerola berry contains 80 milligram of vitamin C  approximately 133 percent of the daily recommended dose ( Yeager ,2020) .  This illustration of applying a nudge in the community may be as simple as providing this commodity , this would be a community nudge in public health especially when resources are  scares and immunity strengthening are  desired .


The framework in healthcare  entitled The Echobiophsycological model will soon be made available in the form of a manual and its introduction to  the academic scene will be implemented soon as well , ,post application the existent determinants of health .


References

Echo-Phsycology (2020) retreaved from http://www.echophsychology.info.com

Yeager,S(2020) The Doctors Book of Food Remedies . Prevention Health Books .

Disease Diplomacy and Its Role in Health Attainment : Public Health Perspectives

Disease diplomacy and International Commerce are the origens of International Sanitary Regulations  in the nineteenth century  Harrison,2005) . European Nations in collaboration with other nations were responsible for starting a diplomatic process  that culminated in the International Sanitary Conference which gave rise to the first laws on infection control and disease modification .While commercial pressures were the main stimuli on the reform of quarantine these were insufficient in themselves to explain why most European Nations came to see greater cooperation as desirable .  The norm life cycle from Finnemore and Sikkink provides stages 1,2, and 3 which form rules for implementing International and Global Health Security  Stage 3 is the stage in which we find ourselves with regards to the Covid 19 contamination . In this stage of the Finnemore model Law , Bureaucracy and Professions are the actors and Society builds capacity and conformity with new behaviors as well as adaption   It is important to note that through the ages Governments and Rulers have been forced to consider the best ways of protecting their populations from disease ( Davis : Scott : and Rushton 2020) . It is also important to note that threats to health have never respected human imposed borders which is why behavior modification is the best approach to implement  safety and security in health attainment . Strategies employed are varied and some will be discoed here today.  The first of course is behavior modification , behavior modification are all the things that people do to ward of illness .For example if you suffer from Asthma this would include such things as taking your medication , or dusting ,or wearing appropriate attire for the appropriate weather . This is behavior and all the things that  people do to ward of illness says alot about you . Another behavior that says alot about you is Hellenistic view  of diseases . Hellanistic views of disease are behavior that stem from Ancient Greek Medicine  these behavior include Spiritual distress , Superstition and inappropriate responses to behavior modification , such as believing that disease or infection is a punishment from god . In the case of Covid 19 Hellaniistic views would include desiring the uncrowing of Queen Elizabeth because you believe that she is the cause of Corona virus which is very funny but not far fetched . So what is behavior modification with regards to Covid 19 ? . It is behavior expected in response to a respiratory virus that has the potential of  making you very ill very fast.   Some of these behavior which should be newly adapted are norm change readiness , compliance with recommended levels of protection , knowledge attainment , and capacity building .  Noncombatant Immunity is the desired behavior until vaccine are implemented .


Davis , F.S : Rushton , S and Scott ,A.K(2020) Disease Diplomacy . International Norms and Global Health Security John Hopkins University .

Harrison , M (2005) Disease , diplomacy and International Sanitary Regulations in the Nineteenth Century . Journal of Global History vol 1 Issue 2

   

Medicinal Marijuana in Conjunction with Digital Health :The Future of Public Health Interventions with the Elderly .

Our population is aging . Approximately 75 million Americans will be over the age of 65 by the year 2030 (Everette,2020) .Additionally a 2012 study performed by the Institute of Medicine IOM found that approximately one in five older adults experience mental health illness ;that ratio should it still exist by the year 2030 would equate to 15 million people . This ratio raises several questions for the future of Gerontology and Public Health , The first question that arises is ? What mental health interventions are most efficient in addressing this population , the next question is ? will digital health be an adequate intervention to meet the challenges of our impending future. Digital health is one of the fastest growing segments of the health care industry . There is an incredible demand for more convenient and integrated ways to treat the elder population . Tom Mihalievia :president of Clevland Clinic who is actively deploying a tele health platform to provide  broad access to high activity care services across a rang of medical specialties is on the right track ;and in congruence with President Trump  Administration to provide services to rural areas that would other wise suffer from deficiencies in care and disparities in health care services (Donavan,2020). Another fast approaching demand in Gerontological care is Medicinal Marijuana approved in 20 states and the district of Columbia Medicinal Marijuana is used widely by persons with cronic conditions ,,although there has been little research in the benefits of medicinal marijuana (Harvard Health , 20202) medicinal marijuana in conjunction with digital health can prove to be a combination therapy to address such conditions as Depression ,Cronic substance abuse ,and Anxiety Disorder or GAS . On December 6th 2019 the Trump Administration implemented the Telehealth Resource Center Network to Rural regions of the US ( RUS)  Rural Utilities Services applies Broad Band Services to increase economic development and Medical care is not the exception to this latest public health intervention : infact rural regions are often plagued with discrepancies in care ;particularly continuity of care because of transportation issues  . These interventions are in conjunction with modern technology , cost effectiveness in health care ,and are also in congruence  with HIPPA rules , because they comply with privacy in care ;especially if the client does not wish to disclose his or her condition because of fear of stigmatization .These interventions are very promising within a long term basis they decrease health care expenditures, and at the same time address transportation issues to reduce (No Shows) because of Climate Change , Natural Disasters and Poor Transportation availability at a clinical level. In addition Digital health can assists  person lets say with Paranoid Schizophrenia, Personality Disorder or Bipolarism  who can not leave the home because of feelings of ailment or inadequacy Digital Health serves as a mechanism of outreach to care . In closing Medicinal Marijuana has been proven to reduce secondary effects from Cronic Disease ,Chemotherapy , Suicide and can also serve its therapeutic effect in reducing damages from Mental illness such as changes in brain matter from long standing mental illness . .

References

 retrieved from http;//www.health.harrvard .edu /staying healthy/medical -marijuana-know-the -facts Harvard Health Publishing

HRSA(2020) Rural Utilities Services . RUS Rural Utilities Services USA

Nature (2020) Dile Adios a la Depresion Con Cannabis Medicinal . Nature Magazine Puerto Rico

Donavan ,F(2020) Digital Health USA

Everette,F (2020)   Digital Health Institute of Medicine IOM ,

Ecopsychology Vs Environmental Mimicry : Define wellbeing ?

Ecology studies the  relationship between human beings and natural environmental through both ecological and psychological principles ( Eco psychology .info.com 2020). Eco psychology  applies ecological and psychological theories and research methodology to study the relationship between people and the natural world : The focus being on well being attainment . Eco psychology seeks to develop and understand ways of expanding the emotional connection between individuals and the natural environment ;there by assisting individuals  with developing sustainable lifestyles and premeditating alienation from nature itself . Eco psychology has its social and mental health foundation through positive psychology .and is experiencing rapid growth . For those who have never heard of positive psychology , its concepts stem from fostering in ones life a positive human functioning through scientific understanding that positive is more productive than despair  and ;that this attitude builds thriving individuals ,families and communities( ICE 2020)  Can eco psychology foster personalized medicine ? .Perhaps through environmental mimicry. Environmental mimicry  is a distinct branch of holistic interventions which may be primary ,secondary or Tertiary in nature . A good example of environmental mimicry is what I coined as ceasing the teachable moment ,This intervention was produced during the last decade .Its official term today is a "Nudge " .Let me explain the science behind Environmental mimicry . a Nudge is a gentle in obtrusive way of pushing people inthe right direction ;but this nudge must be performed by  individuals who hold expertise in Eco psychology or Ecology .It is the same as ceasing the teachable moment (www.WUR.nl 2020) This mechanism's of great importance to public health because it may assist in teaching climate change adaptation and particularly in Health prevention and promotion  . It is important to note that well being usually includes excellent financial acumen and a healthy lifestyle ;can eco psychology and or environmental mimicry assist in well being attainment ? Perhaps. 


References

Retrieved from http: www.WUR.nl/en/show/mimicry-and-environmental-behaivior

Retreived from http:www.ecopsychology,info .com

988 What it means for Suicide Prevention : A Public Health Intervention .

     Federal Communication Commission Ajit Pai has proposed rule making to establish a new nation wide three digit phone number for a Suicide Prevention and Mental Health Hotline (FCC,2019) . The suicide rate in the United States is at its highest level since World War II , and designated 988 as the suicide prevention and mental health hotline . The problem that lead to this change is in the number which existed and were not a good fit for the setting nor the scenario in which suicide attempts usually play out .

      The telephone number used by persons in crisis was 1800-273-TALK or 1800-273-8255 , first we can notice that the number is to long , next we can appraise that the number is difficult to remember , and it is also time consuming . In addition to this where is the telephone number for Def Mute persons? or should we in public health assume that the def mute do not commit suicide ? . More than 20 Veterans commit suicide every day , between the year 2008 and 2016 there were more than 6,000 veterans who committed suicide (FCC,2019). "' According to the CDC : LGBTQ youth contemplate suicide at a rate almost three times higher than heterosexual youth and more than 500,000 LGBTQ youth will attempt suicide this year"".   Recognizing the need to ease access to potentially life saving resource congress tasked the FCC with analyzing the effectiveness of the current National Suicide Prevention Lifeline.

      This takes priority when evaluating the rate of suicide among the elderly population . Our population is aging approximately 75 million Americans will be over the age of 65 by the year 2030 . Additionally a 2012 study from the Institute of Medicine found that approximately one in five alder adults experience a mental health illness , substance use disorder or both . If this ratio still exists by the year 2030 it will accrue to be approximately 15 million people .
As it stands this year there were approximately 19% of the aging population between the ages of 55-65 who committed suicide and,  20 % over the age of 85.  988 when dialed connects aswell to the police department and the fire department in a collaborative effort to mitigate suicide attempts and suicide prevention .


References

FCC(2019) Report on the National Suicide Hotline Improvement Act of 2018 .Federal Communication Commission USA

Retrieved from http://www.docs.fcc.gov/public/attachment/DOC-359095.pdf

Continuation of the Secretary of HHS Health and Human Resources Department Alex Azar Initiatives for 2030

In the 15th Meeting of the Secretary's Advisory Committee on National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention  Objectives for 2030 key points were made with regards to  the United States  dealing with an increased number of opioid related deaths and other problems associated with opioid addiction , addressing the problems will require a thorough understanding of drugs and non drug treatment (ahrq .gov 2019). Toward that proposal,  available  research and treatment options are  needed to create new public health activities that will enable the application of primary prevention mechanisms and analysis in primary care utilizing  genetic assessment tools .  Last week we discussed section 1701 of the public health act , in this discussion we provided an over view of Title XV11  where systemic process in exploration , development , demonstration and evaluation of said Tribal , State and Local implementations in public health (ODPHP 2019).
 Secretary Alex Azar National Health Promotion were recommended the inclusion of AI  Artificial Intelligence in health settings  and in Machine Learning ; an example of this were presented with the use of Radiology Tools were AI had been implemented to create better sensitivity and diagnostics (Catazano & Lin ,2019) . Another suggestion for tools implementation  is through (SCGE) or Somatic Cell Genome Editing and Bioinformatics Mutogenesis and Genomics Society for Synergistic Interactions for a better world .
 Author Kevin  Rodd published a report on Climate Change and Global Development and US  China Trade ; why is this important for inclusion within the 2030 Public Health Implementations  because possessing excellent financial acumen is part of having well being rather than just health ( Rodd , K 2019) .Providing US Citizens with excellent Trade deals is a vehicle to health attainment .  Key points made within this report were (1) Consumer sentiment (2) Renewable Energy (3) Private Investment Funds , and Stakeholder Activism . Curiously enough Rodd mentions SDG Framework in his report this are consistent with 2030 initiatives for Unicef and WHO or World Health Organization . Epigenetics and CRISP are a great start for Genetic implementation within 2030. 

References

Rodd , k (2019) Report on Climate Change and Global Development and US China Trade . Retrieved from http:www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2019/10/kevin -rudd-climate0change-development-and -trade.htm?utm_medium

NIH (2019) Somatic Cell Genome Editing (SCGE) National Institute of Health .Retrieved from http://www.commonfund.nih.gov/editing 

Catazano, T.M & Lin , E.C (2019) Primary Tuberculosis Imaging . Retrieved from http://www.emedicine.medscape.comarticle/358610-overview

Secretary Advisory Committee Initiatives for 2030: Wheres the Beef ?

Objectives and Scope for activities under 42 U.S.C  300 u ; secretary of health and human services has which authorizes supportive programs and appropriations of said activities in the following domains in public health (1) health education (2) application of health knowledge and the  increasing of health patterns in activities of daily living . But wheres the Beef?.  For the exploration ,development ,demonstration and evaluation of innovative health promotion concepts under title XVII Section 1701 of public health service act we first need too understand that rather then viewing these particular areas as concepts we can already scale up these areas of desired undertaking to due diligence (Healthy People 2030) One area in particular where new concepts can be readily applied are in AI  and Nuclear Medicine . In the article entitled " Rising to the Challenge of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare " written by  authors Catazano & Lin they carefully illustrate the correct application  of AI to health care settings; and disciplines .  In harnessing the potencial  of artificial intelligence and applying these concepts to radiology we can improve Computer Vision to harness  algorithms which are among the most difficult concepts that human analysis can grasp only because these observance of said phenomena and tractable patterns must be keenly observed for long periods of time to then be desifferd and applied to algorithm .  These algorithms  when created must then be reviewed by the scientific community , validated applied to health care settings and patented. As one who has created algorithms in environmental health and in neurological processes I can say that the work involved is  tedious , time consuming and the scientist must be extremely dedicated to the task which can takes up to a year to complete . The promise of AI applied to radiology yields the following benefits to public health  fine detail in diagnostics , machine learning , and image analysis . The processes can aid in mitigating issue in diagnostics related to false positives and or false negative results in radiológic image  such as occurs with BKP or Bronchial-pneumonia and Tuberculosis ( Catazano & LIn ,2019). Analysis of these radio graphic images can be time consuming and tedious particularly for a physician in an emergency department with a heavy case load or in surge capacity . Objectives and Scope for activities under 42 U.S.C 300u seretary of health and human service was further undertaken by Healthy People and ODPHP during data subcommittee initiatives where the subcommittee in coordination with USALEEP  , Food Net , Public Alliance commissioned further determination of 2030 initiatives in accountability , surveillance and decision making by credible sources to strengthen data partnership infrastructure to meet challenges in the items above mentioned. Examples of scale up applications in AI were here described in  Ophthalmology and Radiology  .

References
Catazano , T.M  & Lin ,E.C (2019)  Rising to the Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare .

Secretary's Advisory Committee on National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives  for 2030 .Healthy People 2030

Cinema Therapy Prescriptives Understanding Public Health Modalities .

Positive psychology is a recent branch of psychology that studies the strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive (Brigit,W 2019) . Cinematherapy is an interactive therapeutic modality that uses clients experiences with movies ( as prescribed ) for the therapeutic process . This approach lends itself very well to be combined with and integrated into positive psychology. Films draw clients into the viewing experience because they portray the subtleties  of the human mind as well as the many dimensions of the human spirit . Because the characters frequently model the development of desired virtues and strengths diagnosed by the therapist as needed by the client to build capacity ; among some of these strengths are 1) Wisdom and Knowledge 2) Open Mindness 3) Persistence 4) Courage 5) Humanity 6) Justice and Forgiveness  .

Mode and Artistry
In order to understand the modality of the therapeutic process one must comprehend the artistry of the actor . Like carpentry acting is a craft with a definite skill set and tools that allow the actor to cause the desired effect . Because acting is a  an action in  time  and a physical process  the action causes an elixer type of an affect upon the patient . It can also have the ability of causing insight into psychological stress. (Bruder, 2018). An action performed by an actor must be specific,must have a cap ,be fun to perform , must not be manipulated by the actor  and must be in  accordance with the playwrights wishes .

Prescriptive in psychological treatment using Cinema therapy
The prescribe analyzes the scenes necessary to provoke the desired affect upon the patient seeking treatment .This aspect of Cinema therapy is important in the final outcome of treatment in molding psychosocial behavior .These modalities can be prescribed in individual patients , couple therapy , adolescent therapy or even in community settings . Cinema therapeutics is definitely a great adjunct to psychotherapy and a unique approach in public health and Behavioral Science /


References

Brigit , W(2019) Positive Psychology &  The Movies . Transnational Effect of Movies through Positive Cinema Therapy.

Bruder, M ; Cohen, M ; Pollack , W & Zigler, S(2019) A Practical Handbook for the Actor Random House New York .

Pesticides in Food Production ; Bio security and Quality

Food is a universal human need , and people hope and expect that the food they consume will not hurt them.  From coast to coast Americans enjoy access to an array of meats and other animal products ,grains ,and thousands of frozen and packaged goods ( Sherrow, 2019) .Pesticide use  has long been a topic of debate across many agricultural spectrum . Except as provided by the sub chapter 11 contained in the Environmental Pesticide Control Section 13 ab no person in any state may distribute or sell to any person that is not registered under this sub chapter .

Drifting Pesticides     
Scientists have documented the effects of specific pesticides including three toxic organo chlorins ,DDT, and Heptachlorines . Introduced in the 1940's all three were applied to fruit, vegetables and Tobacco crops ( Food Safety ,2019) . Chlordane was used in lawn care and both Chlordane and Heptachlordane were used against termites . These products can enter the body by air and skin and then accumulate in fatty tissue and organs . They have been linked to liver disease and cancers ;including brain tumors . All three were banned -DDT in 1972 ,Chloridane and Heptachlore  in 1987  but they are not biodegradable .

Today there are safer pesticides and as we have evaluated in the past ( Public Health Professionals ) Pesticide use is still a topic of much debate were specific populations are concerned and were crops are concerned .

Principles In use of Pesticides.  

1- Conduct a hazard analysis : plants determine the food safety hazards , identify the preventative measures the plant can apply to control these hazards., identify  the preventative measures the plant can apply to control these hazards .
criticle
2- Identify critical control points . A  control-point (ICCP)  is a point step on procedure in a food process at which controls can be prevented ,eliminated or reduced to an acceptable level. A food safety hazard is any biological , chemical , or physical property that may cause a food to be unsafe for human consumption.

3- These are actions to be taken where monitoring indicates a deviation from an established criticle  point . The final rule requires a plants  (HACCP) plan to identify the corrective actions to be taken if a critter limit is not met. Corrective action action are intended to ensure that no product injurious health.

References

Sherrow, V (2008) Food Safety. Point Counter Point . Chelsea House Publishing USA

Public Health Waste Management : Levels of Treatment of Wastes Material

     Wast management Technology consists of various methods to ascertain healthy environment . Wast material come in various forms and may have different toxic and physical symptoms that often may not be perceived by persons exposed . Among some of the different types of wastes are 1- Solid Wastes , 2- Garbage , 3-Rubbish , 4-and Sludge , Solid Wastes are unwanted or discarded material with insufficient liquid content to be free flowing . The term refuse is synonymous  with solid wastes. Garbage is residual or commercial food wastes , and rubbish are residual and commercial solid wastes exclusive of garbage term trash is synonymous with rubbish (Rhyner et al,  1995) . Sludge is the solid semisolid , or liquid wastes generated from a municipal industrial water way treatment plant or air pollution control facility  excluding the treated efficient .

Biological Treatment of Wastes Solid  

     The common biological treatment   processes are composting anaero bio decomposition ( also called ) anaerobic digestion ; and     fermentation , of these composting are the most developed . Some examples of organic wastes that are anaerobic meaning lacking of air or grounded wastes are organic wastes that are anaerobic to biological processing include Sewage , Sludge and Organic material that are amenable to biological processing. An example of organic wastes are Agricultural material that when processed become compote. All wastes eventually become principle solid wastes when treated .
The Leachate .   

     Leachate is liquid from rain fall and the natural decomposition of waste that is filtered through the landfill to a Leachate Collection System . The Leachate job is to direct the leachate to collect somps so it can be removed from the landfill. The Leachate Collection System is designed with a minimum 2% Slope to Drain to collection somps . A Leachate  collection somps consists of an HDPE riser and submersible pump. Leachate drains to the leachate      collection system where  it is transferred to a central collection pump and piped to an onsite holding pond. If necessary the leachate is transferred to an offsite wastewater treatment plant for disposal.

Composting solid wastes and leachate treatment are principle mechanism used in public health saffety and population security . Deeper treatment of wastes can be observed through the Defence Clean Up Program whose Methods to secure environmental quality and safety .Some of these methods include Decontamination and Demolition or  D & D ..

References

Rhyner,C.R;Schwartz,L.J ;Wenger,R.B & Kobrel,H.G (1995) Wastes Management and Resource Recovery . 

Retrieved from http://www.austincommunitylandfill.wn.com environmental -protection/index.jsp

Traditional Chinese Medicine : Bitter Orange as an Alternative in the Treatment of Mood Disorders .

Traditional Chinese  Medicine or TCM is an ancient science although it became known in the west during the 1930's .TCM is more than four thousand years old according to relics, and historical documents acupuncture is also utilized as an accompaniment to TCM   . Traditional Chinese  Medicine dates back to the Neolithia period as well  as the oldest writing on TCM which dates back to the eleventh century BC  (Luengo , L.T & Ariso , C.M   2005).  Since the 1970;s the World Health Organization began to pay attention  to and   cmhc,s success in solving there health problems so that in the 1970' s it created the promotion and development  on traditional medicine programs . Today as TCM is becoming better known in the west scientists and doctors from Chinese hospitals and Universities conduct rigorous scientific studies on the efficiency and safety of different scientific studies on the efficiency treatment and safety of different therapeutic   (Herbal) medicine .


Bitter Orange for Mood 

There are many types of citrus from Bitter Orange to Mandarin Oranges as well as Valencia Oranges  and Tangerines . Bitter Orange is an effective Citrus fruit that is very much used for medicinal purposes in many regions of the world . Bitter orange is used to serve as a holistic treatment option in Liver Cirrhosis to treat Jaundice . Bitter Orange is also used to treat mood disorders  such as stress disorder , anxiety and depression .


References

Luengo, T.M & Ariso, C.M (2015) Medicinal Plants at Home : More than 100 Easy Practical , and Efficient Natural Remedies .

Antidotes par Levels in Hospital Pharmacy : An E.R Nurse Experience with Spider Bites.

Identifying a spider bite is easier if you can identify the spider , this how ever may go unnoticed by the victim of a spiders bite . More than 40,000 species of spiders have been identified in the world .Spiders bite is a common problem among people ,however few of them are harmful but delay in treatment can cause death since the spider bites are risk full to humans they should be taken seriously (Rahmani,  et al 2014) . Non venomous spiders include the Brown Recluse ,while venomous spiders include  the Northern Widow spider ,the Southern Widow spider, the Tarantula , and the the Brown Widow spider . There are two other Recluse spiders that are not venomous these include the Mediterranean Recluse and the  Chilean Recluse .

 The majority of the 3,000 spiders in the United States aren't poisonous even if they manage to bite there fangs are two weak to penetrate the skin . The symptoms of a spiders bite include (1) itchy skin (2) redness (3)  swelling ,and (4) Skin damage ,as well as a rash in the affected area .Other possible symptoms include pain ,muscle aches ,vesicles , and nausea . Complications from  a spiders bite include chills , anxiety, High blood pressure, necrosis, gangrene , amputation of the affected area and cellulitis or systemic blood infection or sepsis.

 Treatment for a spiders bite are as follows : elevating the affected area , doses of antihistamine or benedryl , antibiotic ointment and  ice pack   It is also noteworthy to state that most bites stem from a persons inadvertently putting on a pair of shoes were a spider might be present . There for it is wise to check shoes before placing them on the feet . Antidote par levels should always be maintained within the hospital setting  and public health poison control agencies may periodically perform public health awareness through media ,chats and patient education . Spiders make excellent companions and are loved by children and adults ,they spin beautiful webs  and contribute to environmental stability .


References

Rahman, F ; Mahdi, Khojasteh,S ; Bakhtavar, M.E ; Rahmani, F ; Nia,K.S ; & Faridaalaee, G (2014) Poisonous Spiders ; Bites , Symptoms, and Treatment , An Educational Review . Emergency 2(2) pg 54-58

Retrieved from http://wwwncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4614586

 

An Analysis of African American Woman ,Aids in African Males who have Sex with Males and Marriage:

In 2006 Millett published a seminal literature review that examined 12 hypothesis that explored the causality for high rates of HIV among black MSM  or males who have sex with other males . The article published by Millett examined a broad spectrum of social and behavioral factors which contribute to high rates of HIV and AIDS in the African American  Population in particular  MSM . Among these factors were adherence to treatment , health seeking behavior , use of prophylaxis , undiagnosed HIV and AIDS  and other related factors  .We found evidence that the difference in rates of HIV between black and white MSM may be explained by differences in STI ,undiagnosed seropositivity , access to care and treatment services , and use of HAART. There is an overwhelming need of HIV testing ,linkages to care ,retention in care , and adherence programs for black MSM (Millett, et al 2014)  According to the World Health Organization there are an estimated 25.7 million people currently infected with HIV and AIDS in the Continent of Africa ,which means that there are 25 million people infected with HIV and AIDS in Africa .  A current fact sheet related to the topic and spearheaded by WHO provide interesting statistical data with regards to HIV and AIDS in the continent of Africa . Fact one is as follows : HIV continues to be a major global issue , having claimed more than 35 million lives so far,in 2017 940,000 people died from HIV related causes globally.  Fact rwo : 59% of adults and 52% of children living with HIV were receiving lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 2017 .  Fact Three :Globally the African region also accounts for over two thirds of the global total of new HIV infections . With all of the facts and evidence surrounding the African American Population it is note worthy to ask the obvious question , how do African American Women feel about the topic and do they consider the topic MSM  in the African American Male Population something to be concerned about when selecting a mate ?. In 2016 only 29% of African Americans were married ,also in 2016 just under half or 48% of black women had never been married which is up from 44% in 2008 and 42% in 2005 . As it stands half or 50% of African Americans have never been married , this is a bit perplexing because as stated previously MSM in black males may be a great deterrent to matrimony .There is a reason why Matrimony is called Matrimony ,because there actually Money involved married persons contribute to the economy by more than one third because they make house . What say you ?


References
http://www.blackdemographics.com/households/marriage -in-black-americans

http://www.who.int/news-room/factsheet/detail/hiv-aids HIV/AIDS Fact Sheet

Maulsby, C,Millett, G. Lindsey, K . Kelley, K . Johnson,K,  Montoya ,D & Holgrave , D (2014) AIds and Behaivior vol18 Issue 1